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MC_103 | Microbiology and Parasitology > Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What happens between the microorganisms and the Gastrointestinal Tract

A

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

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2
Q

The delivery

A

The Gastrointestinal Tract, Its Defenses, and Normal Biota

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3
Q

Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Rectum
Anus

A

Eight Main Parts

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4
Q

Salivary Glands
Liver
Gall Bladder
Digestive Fluids and Enzymes

A

Four Accessory Organs

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5
Q

Digestive Tract
Enteric Tract

A

GI Tract

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6
Q

Mechanical protection

A

Mucus

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7
Q

First-Line of Defense

A

Secretory IgA

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8
Q

Food Processing

A

Peristalsis

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9
Q

Lysozyme and Lactoferin

A

Saliva

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10
Q

Extremely Low PH

A

Stomach

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11
Q

Antimicrobial

A

Bile

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12
Q

Immune cells

A

Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue / GALT

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13
Q

In GI Tract

A

Normal Biota in Gastrointestinal Tract

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14
Q

Prevotella
Treponema
Streptococcus
Actinomyces
Neisseria Veillonella
Lactobacillus Species

A

Normal Biota in Bacteria

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15
Q

Firmicutes

A

Normal Biota in Disease

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16
Q

The bounding

A

Infectious Diseases Manifesting in the Gastrointestinal Tract (Nonhelminthic)

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17
Q

Introducing Carbohydrates to Oral Cavity

A

Tooth and Gum Infection

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18
Q

Dissolution of solid tooth surface due to Bacteria

A

Dental Caries / Tooth Decay

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19
Q

Polymicrobial mixture of acid-producing Bacteria

A

Causative Agent of Dental Caries / Tooth Decay

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20
Q

Adhesion
Acid Production

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Dental Caries / Tooth Decay

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21
Q

Direct Contact
60% - 90%

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Dental Caries / Tooth Decay

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22
Q

Removal of Tooth

A

Prevention and Treatment of Dental Caries / Tooth Decay

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23
Q

Bacterial Colonization of Teeth
Gingival Damage

A

Periodontal Disease

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24
Q

Inflammation of the Teeth

A

Periodontitis

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25
Q

Initial Stage

A

Gingivitis

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26
Q

Presence of Mineralized Plaque

A

Calculus

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27
Q

Methanobrevibacter Oralis

A

Causative Agent of Periodontitis

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28
Q

Induction of Inflammation
Enzymatic Destruction of Tissues

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Periodontitis

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29
Q

11% / 2% / 10% - 15%

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Periodontitis

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30
Q

Oral Hygiene
Removal of Plaque

A

Prevention and Treatment of Periodontitis

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31
Q

‘Trench Mouth’

A

Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis and Periodontitis

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32
Q

Treponema Vincentii
Prevotella Intermedia
Fusobacterium

A

Causative Agent of Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis and Periodontitis

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33
Q

Inflammation
Invasiveness

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis and Periodontitis

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34
Q

Oral Hygiene
Debridement of Damaged Tissue

A

Prevention and Treatment of Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis and Periodontitis

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35
Q

‘Lump’
Swelling of the Jaw

A

Mumps

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36
Q

Mumps Virus

A

Causative Agent of Mumps

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37
Q

Spike-induced Synctium Formation

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Mumps

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38
Q

Droplet Contact

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Mumps

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39
Q

ELISA
PCR Test

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Mumps

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40
Q

Vaccine

A

Prevention and Treatment of Mumps

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41
Q

Compound sharp pain from abdomen
Lesions in the Mucosa of the Stomach or uppermost portion of the Small Intestine

A

Gastritis and Gastric Ulcers

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42
Q

Helicobacter Pylori

A

Causative Agent of Gastritis and Gastric Ulcers

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43
Q

Adhesins
Urease

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Gastritis and Gastric Ulcers

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44
Q

Oral-Oral Transmission
Oral-Fecal Transmission
35% - 50%

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Gastritis and Gastric Ulcers

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45
Q

Antigen Test
Urea Breath Test

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Gastritis and Gastric Ulcers

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46
Q

Clarithromycin
Acid Suppression

A

Prevention and Treatment of Gastritis and Gastric Ulcers

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47
Q

Caused by Toxins

A

Acute Diarrhea (With or Without Vomiting)

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48
Q

Gram-Negative Enteric Bacteria

A

Salmonella

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49
Q

50

A

Infectious Dose (ID)

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50
Q

Flagellar Antigen

A

H Antigen

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51
Q

Capsular Antigen

A

K Antigen

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52
Q

Cell Wall Antigen

A

O Antigen

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53
Q

Salmonella

A

Causative Agent of Salmonella

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54
Q

Adhesins
Endotoxin

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Salmonella

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55
Q

Food Vehicle
Fecal-Oral Transmission

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Salmonella

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56
Q

Stool

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Salmonella

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57
Q

Food Hygiene and Personal Hygiene
Rehydration

A

Prevention and Treatment of Salmonella

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58
Q

Gram-Negative, Straight Rods, Nonmotile, and Non-Endospore Forming

A

Shigella

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59
Q

10 - 200

A

Infectious Dose (ID)

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60
Q

Heat-liable Exotoxin

A

Shiga Toxin

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61
Q

Shigella

A

Causative Agent of Shigella

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62
Q

Endotoxin
Enterotoxin
Shiga Toxins

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Shigella

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63
Q

Fecal-Oral Transmission
Direct Contact

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Shigella

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64
Q

Stool
Antigen Test

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Shigella

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65
Q

Food Hygiene and Personal Hygiene
Azithromycin or Ciprofloxacin

A

Prevention and Treatment of Shigella

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66
Q

Food contamination

A

Shiga-Toxin Producing E.Coli

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67
Q

Hemolytic Anemia

A

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

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68
Q

Shiga-Toxin Producing E.Coli

A

Causative Agent of Shiga-Toxin Producing E.Coli

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69
Q

Shiga Toxins
Proteins for Attachment

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Shiga-Toxin Producing E.Coli

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70
Q

Food Vehicle
Fecal-Oral Transmission

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Shiga-Toxin Producing E.Coli

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71
Q

Stool
Antigen Test

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Shiga-Toxin Producing E.Coli

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72
Q

Avoiding Live Meat
Antibiotics

A

Prevention and Treatment of Shiga-Toxin Producing E.Coli

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73
Q

Toxin compound

A

Other E.Coli

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74
Q

Traveler’s Diarrehea

A

Enterotoxigenic E.Coli / ETEC

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75
Q

Bacillary Dysentery Diarrhea

A

Enteroinvasive E.Coli / EIEC

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76
Q

Profuse Watery Diarrhea

A

Enteropathogenic E.Coli / EPEC

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77
Q

Chronic Diarrhea

A

Enteroaggregative E.Coli / EAEC

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78
Q

Acute Diarrhea

A

Diffusely Adherent E.Coli / DAEC

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79
Q

Other E.Coli

A

Causative Agent of Other E.Coli

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80
Q

Fecal-Oral Transmission

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Other E.Coli

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81
Q

Proteins for Attachment
Secretion

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Other E.Coli

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82
Q

Stool
Blood

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Other E.Coli

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83
Q

Food Hygiene and Personal Hygiene
Rehydration
Antimotility Agent

A

Prevention and Treatment of Other E.Coli

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84
Q

Bacterial Cause

A

Campylobacter

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85
Q

Neuromuscular Paralysis

A

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

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86
Q

Campylobacter

A

Causative Agent of Campylobacter

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87
Q

Adhesins
Exotoxin
Induction of Autoimmunity

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Campylobacter

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88
Q

Food Vehicle
Fecal-Oral Transmission

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Campylobacter

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89
Q

Stool
Dark-Field Microscope

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Campylobacter

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90
Q

Food Hygiene and Personal Hygiene
Rehydration

A

Prevention and Treatment of Campylobacter

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91
Q

Gram-Positive, Endospore-Forming

A

Clostridiodes Difficile

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92
Q

Clostridiodes Difficile

A

Causative Agent of Clostridiodes Difficile

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93
Q

Cholera Toxin

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Clostridiodes Difficile

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94
Q

Food Vehicle
Fecal-Oral Transmission

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Clostridiodes Difficile

95
Q

Clinical Diagnosis
Microscopic Techniques
Serological Detection of Antitoxin

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Clostridiodes Difficile

96
Q

Water Hygiene and Food Hygiene
Rehydration

A

Prevention and Treatment of Clostridiodes Difficile

97
Q

Cholera

A

Vibrio Cholerae

98
Q

Expression regulator

A

Quorum Sensing

99
Q

Vibrio Cholerae

A

Causative Agent of Vibrio Cholerae

100
Q

Cholera Toxin

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Vibrio Cholerae

101
Q

Food Vehicle
Fecal-Oral Transmission

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Vibrio Cholerae

102
Q

Clinical Diagnosis
Microscopic Techniques
Serological Detection of Antitoxin

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Vibrio Cholerae

103
Q

Water Hygiene and Food Hygiene
Rehydration

A

Prevention and Treatment of Vibrio Cholerae

104
Q

Non-Cholera

A

Non-Cholera Cholerae

105
Q

Non-Cholera Vibrio

A

Causative Agent of Non-Cholera Cholerae

106
Q

Food Vehicle

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Non-Cholera Cholerae

107
Q

Stool
Blood

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Non-Cholera Cholerae

108
Q

Avoiding Raw Shellfish
Doxycycline

A

Prevention and Treatment of Non-Cholera Cholerae

109
Q

Intestinal protozoan

A

Cryptosporidium

110
Q

Resistance to water

A

Chorine Treatment

111
Q

Cryptosporidium

A

Causative Agent of Cryptosporidium

112
Q

Intracellular Growth

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Cryptosporidium

113
Q

Food Vehicle
Fecal-Oral Transmission

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Cryptosporidium

114
Q

Acid-Fast Stain

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Cryptosporidium

115
Q

Water Treatment
Proper Food Handling

A

Prevention and Treatment of Cryptosporidium

116
Q

Viral Cause

117
Q

Rotavirus

A

Causative Agent of Rotavirus

118
Q

Fecal-Oral Transmission

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Rotavirus

119
Q

Rapid Antigen Test

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Rotavirus

120
Q

Vaccine
Rehydration

A

Prevention and Treatment of Rotavirus

121
Q

Foodborne Illnesses

122
Q

Norovirus

A

Causative Agent of Norovirus

123
Q

Limited Immunity to Reinfection

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Norovirus

124
Q

Indirect Contact
Food Vehicle
Direct Contact

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Norovirus

125
Q

Rapid Antigen Test

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Norovirus

126
Q

Hygiene
Rehydration

A

Prevention and Treatment of Norovirus

127
Q

Caused by Exotoxins

A

Acute Diarrhea (With or Without Vomiting)

128
Q

Custards, Sauces, Cream Pastries, Processed Meats, Chicken Salad, or Ham

A

Staphylococcus Aureus Exotoxin

129
Q

Staphylococcus Aureus Exotoxin

A

Causative Agent of Staphylococcus Aureus Exotoxin

130
Q

Heat-Stable Exotoxin

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Staphylococcus Aureus Exotoxin

131
Q

Food Vehicle

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Staphylococcus Aureus Exotoxin

132
Q

Proper Food Handling

A

Prevention and Treatment of Staphylococcus Aureus Exotoxin

133
Q

Vegetables

A

Bacillus Cereus Exotoxin

134
Q

Vomiting

135
Q

Diarrhea

136
Q

Bacillus Cereus Exotoxin

A

Causative Agent of Bacillus Cereus Exotoxin

137
Q

Heat-Stable Exotoxin
Heat-labile Exotoxin

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Bacillus Cereus Exotoxin

138
Q

Food Vehicle

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Bacillus Cereus Exotoxin

139
Q

Microscopic Analysis

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Bacillus Cereus Exotoxin

140
Q

Proper Food Handling

A

Prevention and Treatment of Bacillus Cereus Exotoxin

141
Q

Gram-Positive Bacteria

A

Clostridium Perfringens Exotoxin

142
Q

Clostridium Perfringens Exotoxin

A

Causative Agent of Clostridium Perfringens Exotoxin

143
Q

Heat-labile Exotoxin

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Clostridium Perfringens Exotoxin

144
Q

Food Vehicle

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Clostridium Perfringens Exotoxin

145
Q

Detection of Toxins

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Clostridium Perfringens Exotoxin

146
Q

Proper Food Handling

A

Prevention and Treatment of Clostridium Perfringens Exotoxin

147
Q

Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Ulcerative Colitis

A

Chronic Diarrhea

148
Q

Emerging Protozoan Pathogen

A

Cyclospora Cayetanensis

149
Q

Cyclospora Cayetanensis

A

Causative Agent of Cyclospora Cayetanensis

150
Q

Invasiveness

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Cyclospora Cayetanensis

151
Q

Fecal-Oral Transmission

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Cyclospora Cayetanensis

152
Q

Stool Examination
PCR Test

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Cyclospora Cayetanensis

153
Q

Washing
Cooking
Personal Hygiene

A

Prevention and Treatment of Cyclospora Cayetanensis

154
Q

Pathogenic Flagellated Protozoan

A

Giardia Duodenalis

155
Q

Giardia Duodenalis

A

Causative Agent of Giardia Duodenalis

156
Q

Attachment

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Giardia Duodenalis

157
Q

Fecal-Oral Transmission
Direct Contact
Indirect Contact

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Giardia Duodenalis

158
Q

Stool Examination

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Giardia Duodenalis

159
Q

Water Hygiene
Personal Hygiene
Tinidazole and Nitazoxanide

A

Prevention and Treatment of Giardia Duodenalis

160
Q

Pathogen

A

Entamoeba Histolytica

161
Q

Entamoeba Histolytica

A

Causative Agent of Entamoeba Histolytica

162
Q

Lytic Enzymes
Induction of Apoptosis
Invasiveness

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Entamoeba Histolytica

163
Q

Fecal-Oral Transmission

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Entamoeba Histolytica

164
Q

PCR Test
Stool Examination

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Entamoeba Histolytica

165
Q

Water Hygiene
Personal Hygiene
Metronidazole and Paramomycin

A

Prevention and Treatment of Entamoeba Histolytica

166
Q

Inflammation of the Liver

167
Q

Hepatocytes

168
Q

Yellowish pigment

169
Q

Yellowish subjected color

170
Q

Nonenveloped, single-stranded RNA enterovirus
Acute

A

Hepatitis A

171
Q

Hepatitis A or E Virus

A

Causative Agent of Hepatitis A

172
Q

Fecal-Oral Transmission

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Hepatitis A

173
Q

IgM Serology

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Hepatitis A

174
Q

Hepatitis A Vaccine
Immune Globulin

A

Prevention and Treatment of Hepatitis A

175
Q

Enveloped DNA virus
Chronic

A

Hepatitis B

176
Q

Hepatitis B Virus

A

Causative Agent of Hepatitis B

177
Q

Latency

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Hepatitis B

178
Q

Parenteral Injection
Direct Contact
Vertical Transmission

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Hepatitis B

179
Q

ELISA

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Hepatitis B

180
Q

HBV Recombinant Vaccine
Interferon, Tenofovir, or Entecavir

A

Prevention and Treatment of Hepatitis B

181
Q

Liver Failure
‘Silent Epidemic’

A

Hepatitis C

182
Q

Hepatitis C Virus

A

Causative Agent of Hepatitis C

183
Q

Parenteral Injection
Vertical Transmission

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Hepatitis C

184
Q

Serology
PCR Test

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Hepatitis C

185
Q

Sofosbuvir
Simeprevir

A

Prevention and Treatment of Hepatitis C

186
Q

The compound

A

Infectious Diseases Manifesting in the Gastrointestinal Tract (Helminthic)

187
Q

Mature Egg
Embryonic Egg

188
Q

Egg
Early Larva
Infective Larva
Larvae enter Tissue and migrate

189
Q

Definitive Host
Infective Host
Intermediate Host

190
Q

Egg
First Larval Stage
Second Larval Stage
Humans
Animals

191
Q

Infecting the intestinal tract via supposed tapeworms and roundworms

A

Intestinal Distress as Primary Symptom

192
Q

Hallmark of Helminth Infection

A

Eosinophilia

193
Q

Pinworm

A

Enterobius Vermicularis

194
Q

Enterobius Vermicularis

A

Causative Agent of Enterobius Vermicularis

195
Q

Cycle A

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Enterobius Vermicularis

196
Q

Adhesive Tape
Microscopy

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Enterobius Vermicularis

197
Q

Hygiene
Mebendazole
Piperazine

A

Prevention and Treatment of Enterobius Vermicularis

198
Q

Whipworm

A

Trichuris Trichiura

199
Q

Trichuris Trichiura

A

Causative Agent of Trichuris Trichiura

200
Q

Burrowing
Invasiveness

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Trichuris Trichiura

201
Q

Cycle A

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Trichuris Trichiura

202
Q

Blood Count
Serology

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Trichuris Trichiura

203
Q

Hygiene
Sanitation
Mebendazole

A

Prevention and Treatment of Trichuris Trichiura

204
Q

Fish Tapeworm

A

Diphyllobothrium Latum

205
Q

Diphyllobothrium Latum

A

Causative Agent of Diphyllobothrium Latum

206
Q

Vitamin B12 Usage

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Diphyllobothrium Latum

207
Q

Cycle C

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Diphyllobothrium Latum

208
Q

Blood Count
Serology

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Diphyllobothrium Latum

209
Q

Cooking Meat
Praziquantel

A

Prevention and Treatment of Diphyllobothrium Latum

210
Q

Human Tapeworm

A

Hymenolepsis

211
Q

Hymenolepsis Nana
Hymenolepsis Diminuta

A

Causative Agent of Hymenolepsis

212
Q

Cycle C

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Hymenolepsis

213
Q

Hygiene
Praziquantel

A

Prevention and Treatment of Hymenolepsis

214
Q

Infecting the intestinal tract via the given Helminths

A

Intestinal Distress as Migratory Symptom

215
Q

Intestinal Roundworm

A

Ascaris Lumbricoides

216
Q

Ascaris Lumbricoides

A

Causative Agent of Ascaris Lumbricoides

217
Q

Abdominal Pain
Diarrhea
Wheezing

A

Signs and Symptoms of Ascaris Lumbricoides

218
Q

Pork Tapeworm

A

Cysticercosis Disease

219
Q

Tenia Solium

A

Causative Agent of Cysticercosis Disease

220
Q

Headaches
Blindness
Convulsions

A

Signs and Symptoms of Cysticercosis Disease

221
Q

Particular affinity

A

Helminth Disease: Liver and Intestinal Damage

222
Q

Chinese Liver Flukes

A

Opsithorichis Sinensis and Chlonorchis Sinensis

223
Q

Opsithorichis Sinensis and Chlonorchis Sinensis

A

Causative Agents of Opsithorichis Sinensis and Chlonorchis Sinensis

224
Q

Slow to develop
Thickening of the lining of the Bile Duct
Granuloma formation in areas of Liver

A

Signs and Symptoms of Opsithorichis Sinensis and Chlonorchis Sinensis

225
Q

Liver Fluke in Sheep, Cattle, Goats, and other mammals

A

Fasciola Hepatica

226
Q

Fasciola Hepatica

A

Causative Agent of Fasciola Hepatica

227
Q

Vomiting
Diarrhea
Hepatomegaly
Bile Obstruction

A

Signs and Symptoms of Fasciola Hepatica

228
Q

Pork

A

Trichinosis

229
Q

Trichinella

A

Causative Agent of Trichinosis

230
Q

Unnoticeable to Life-Threatening

A

Signs and Symptoms of Trichinosis

231
Q

Worms

A

Schistosomiasis

232
Q

Itchiness
Fever
Chills
Diarrhea
Cough

A

Signs and Symptoms of Schistosomiasis

232
Q

Schistosoma Mansoni
S. Japonicum

A

Causative Agents of Schistosomiasis

MC_103 | Microbiology and Parasitology (10 decks)

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