Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract Flashcards
What happens between the microorganisms and the Gastrointestinal Tract
Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract
The delivery
The Gastrointestinal Tract, Its Defenses, and Normal Biota
Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Rectum
Anus
Eight Main Parts
Salivary Glands
Liver
Gall Bladder
Digestive Fluids and Enzymes
Four Accessory Organs
Digestive Tract
Enteric Tract
GI Tract
Mechanical protection
Mucus
First-Line of Defense
Secretory IgA
Food Processing
Peristalsis
Lysozyme and Lactoferin
Saliva
Extremely Low PH
Stomach
Antimicrobial
Bile
Immune cells
Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue / GALT
In GI Tract
Normal Biota in Gastrointestinal Tract
Prevotella
Treponema
Streptococcus
Actinomyces
Neisseria Veillonella
Lactobacillus Species
Normal Biota in Bacteria
Firmicutes
Normal Biota in Disease
The bounding
Infectious Diseases Manifesting in the Gastrointestinal Tract (Nonhelminthic)
Introducing Carbohydrates to Oral Cavity
Tooth and Gum Infection
Dissolution of solid tooth surface due to Bacteria
Dental Caries / Tooth Decay
Polymicrobial mixture of acid-producing Bacteria
Causative Agent of Dental Caries / Tooth Decay
Adhesion
Acid Production
Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Dental Caries / Tooth Decay
Direct Contact
60% - 90%
Transmission and Epidemiology of Dental Caries / Tooth Decay
Removal of Tooth
Prevention and Treatment of Dental Caries / Tooth Decay
Bacterial Colonization of Teeth
Gingival Damage
Periodontal Disease
Inflammation of the Teeth
Periodontitis
Initial Stage
Gingivitis
Presence of Mineralized Plaque
Calculus
Methanobrevibacter Oralis
Causative Agent of Periodontitis
Induction of Inflammation
Enzymatic Destruction of Tissues
Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Periodontitis
11% / 2% / 10% - 15%
Transmission and Epidemiology of Periodontitis
Oral Hygiene
Removal of Plaque
Prevention and Treatment of Periodontitis
‘Trench Mouth’
Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis and Periodontitis
Treponema Vincentii
Prevotella Intermedia
Fusobacterium
Causative Agent of Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis and Periodontitis
Inflammation
Invasiveness
Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis and Periodontitis
Oral Hygiene
Debridement of Damaged Tissue
Prevention and Treatment of Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis and Periodontitis
‘Lump’
Swelling of the Jaw
Mumps
Mumps Virus
Causative Agent of Mumps
Spike-induced Synctium Formation
Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Mumps
Droplet Contact
Transmission and Epidemiology of Mumps
ELISA
PCR Test
Culture / Diagnosis of Mumps
Vaccine
Prevention and Treatment of Mumps
Compound sharp pain from abdomen
Lesions in the Mucosa of the Stomach or uppermost portion of the Small Intestine
Gastritis and Gastric Ulcers
Helicobacter Pylori
Causative Agent of Gastritis and Gastric Ulcers
Adhesins
Urease
Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Gastritis and Gastric Ulcers
Oral-Oral Transmission
Oral-Fecal Transmission
35% - 50%
Transmission and Epidemiology of Gastritis and Gastric Ulcers
Antigen Test
Urea Breath Test
Culture / Diagnosis of Gastritis and Gastric Ulcers
Clarithromycin
Acid Suppression
Prevention and Treatment of Gastritis and Gastric Ulcers
Caused by Toxins
Acute Diarrhea (With or Without Vomiting)
Gram-Negative Enteric Bacteria
Salmonella
50
Infectious Dose (ID)
Flagellar Antigen
H Antigen
Capsular Antigen
K Antigen
Cell Wall Antigen
O Antigen
Salmonella
Causative Agent of Salmonella
Adhesins
Endotoxin
Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Salmonella
Food Vehicle
Fecal-Oral Transmission
Transmission and Epidemiology of Salmonella
Stool
Culture / Diagnosis of Salmonella
Food Hygiene and Personal Hygiene
Rehydration
Prevention and Treatment of Salmonella
Gram-Negative, Straight Rods, Nonmotile, and Non-Endospore Forming
Shigella
10 - 200
Infectious Dose (ID)
Heat-liable Exotoxin
Shiga Toxin
Shigella
Causative Agent of Shigella
Endotoxin
Enterotoxin
Shiga Toxins
Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Shigella
Fecal-Oral Transmission
Direct Contact
Transmission and Epidemiology of Shigella
Stool
Antigen Test
Culture / Diagnosis of Shigella
Food Hygiene and Personal Hygiene
Azithromycin or Ciprofloxacin
Prevention and Treatment of Shigella
Food contamination
Shiga-Toxin Producing E.Coli
Hemolytic Anemia
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Shiga-Toxin Producing E.Coli
Causative Agent of Shiga-Toxin Producing E.Coli
Shiga Toxins
Proteins for Attachment
Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Shiga-Toxin Producing E.Coli
Food Vehicle
Fecal-Oral Transmission
Transmission and Epidemiology of Shiga-Toxin Producing E.Coli
Stool
Antigen Test
Culture / Diagnosis of Shiga-Toxin Producing E.Coli
Avoiding Live Meat
Antibiotics
Prevention and Treatment of Shiga-Toxin Producing E.Coli
Toxin compound
Other E.Coli
Traveler’s Diarrehea
Enterotoxigenic E.Coli / ETEC
Bacillary Dysentery Diarrhea
Enteroinvasive E.Coli / EIEC
Profuse Watery Diarrhea
Enteropathogenic E.Coli / EPEC
Chronic Diarrhea
Enteroaggregative E.Coli / EAEC
Acute Diarrhea
Diffusely Adherent E.Coli / DAEC
Other E.Coli
Causative Agent of Other E.Coli
Fecal-Oral Transmission
Transmission and Epidemiology of Other E.Coli
Proteins for Attachment
Secretion
Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Other E.Coli
Stool
Blood
Culture / Diagnosis of Other E.Coli
Food Hygiene and Personal Hygiene
Rehydration
Antimotility Agent
Prevention and Treatment of Other E.Coli
Bacterial Cause
Campylobacter
Neuromuscular Paralysis
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Campylobacter
Causative Agent of Campylobacter
Adhesins
Exotoxin
Induction of Autoimmunity
Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Campylobacter
Food Vehicle
Fecal-Oral Transmission
Transmission and Epidemiology of Campylobacter
Stool
Dark-Field Microscope
Culture / Diagnosis of Campylobacter
Food Hygiene and Personal Hygiene
Rehydration
Prevention and Treatment of Campylobacter
Gram-Positive, Endospore-Forming
Clostridiodes Difficile
Clostridiodes Difficile
Causative Agent of Clostridiodes Difficile
Cholera Toxin
Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Clostridiodes Difficile