Viruses And Human Defense System Flashcards
What are the 2 different defense systems
General and specific
What are some examples of the 1st line of defense in the human defense system
1.Skin (physical barrier)
2.Muscus (respatory and Digestive system)
3. Clotting (platelets block cuts)
What are some examples of the 2nd line of defense in the human defense system
- Phagocytes
- Defense proteins (complement, interferons)
- Inflammation
What are some examples of the 3rd line of defense in the human defense system
- Monocytes
- Lymphocytes
Give an example of Active Natural immunity
Exposure to pathogen from environment e.g common cold
Give an example of Active Artificial immunity
Pathogen into through vaccination e.g flu vaccine
Give an example of Passive Natural immunity
Mother passes antibodies to child through placenta or breastfeeding
Give an example of Passive Artificial immunity
Administered through injection e.g anti-tetnus shot
What are the different lymphocytes and where do they mature
B-Cells: Mature in bone marrow
T-Cells: Mature in thymus
What are the different type of B and T cells
B-Cells:
Plasma B
Memory B
T-Cells:
Killer T cells
Helper T cells
Memory T cells
Suppressor T cells
Give an account of Plasma B cells
Recognised macrophages and produces specific antibodies
Give an account of Memory B cells
1.Survive for years after infection is eliminated
2. Produce antibodies faster if antigen returns
Give an account of Helper T cells
- Stimulate the production of plasma B and Killer T cells
Give an account of Killer T cells
- Attack and destroy abnormal human cells
- Produce perferain
Give an account of Memory T-Cells cells
- Survive for years after infection
- If antigen returns speeds up action of other T cells
Give an account of Suppresor T-cells
- Grow slower
- Act after antigen is gone
- Inhibits plasma B, Killer T and macrophages
What is immunity
The ability of an organism to resist infection
What is a pathogen
Micro-organisms that cause disease
What are antigens
Any foreign molecule capable of triggering an antibody response - found in bacterial cell walls
What is an antibody
A protein produced by white blood cells in response so a specific antigen
What are some organs specific to the immense system
Spleen
Thymus
Lymph nodes
Why is it hard to define viruses as living
- They are non cellular
- They cannot reproduce by themselves
- Don’t have cell organelles
- Only have either DNA or RNA, not both
What are the different shapes of viruses
Round
Rod
Complex
What are the stages of viral replication
- Attachment
- Entry
- Synthesis
- Assembly
- Release
What are some examples of viruses
Aids, HIV , leukemia, common cold
What is the structure of viruses
Protein coat (capsid)
Nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)
