DNA and RNA

Question 1

Define variation

Answer 1

Variation means that there are differences between members of the same species

Question 2

What is a species

Answer 2

A species is a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring

Question 3

What is heredity?

Answer 3

Heredity is the passing on of features from parents to offspring by means of genes

Question 4

What is gene expression?

Answer 4

Gene expression is the way in which genetic information in a gene is decoded in the cell and used to make protein

Question 5

What is a gene

Answer 5

A gene is a selection of DNA that causes the production of a protein

Question 6

What is the composition of a chromosome

Answer 6

60% Protein and 40% DNA

Question 7

What is non-coding DNA

Answer 7

Non coding DNA is DNA that does not cause the production of a protein

Question 8

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 8

Dioxyribonucleic Acid

Question 9

What is DNA?

Answer 9

DNA molecules carry the genetic code that determines the characteristics of a living thing

Question 10

What are the 4 bases DNA is composed of

Answer 10

Adenine and Thymine
Cytosine and Guanine

Question 11

What force holds the bases together?

Answer 11

Hydrogen bonds

Question 12

What is genetic code?

Answer 12

Genetic code refers to the sequences of bases in DNA that provide the instruction for a cell to make a protein

Question 13

What is complimentary pairing?

Answer 13

The way that one type of base links to another type of base

Question 14

What does RNA stand for?

Answer 14

Ribonucleic Acid

Question 15

What is the process of DNA replication

Answer 15

1. Nucleotide are made in large quantities in the cytoplasm
2. An enzyme enzips the two complementary strands of DNA
3. New complimentary nucleotides link to the exposed bases on the separated strands
4. A new complimentary strand is built along each “old” strand DNA polymerase assembles the new strand
5. Two DNA double helixes, identical to the original and each other are now present

Question 16

List differences between DNA and RNA

Answer 16

DNA: Double strand, sugar is deoxyribose, has thymine, very long

RNA: Single strand, sugar is ribose, has uracil, short molecule

Question 17

What is genetic screening

Answer 17

Genetic screening means testing DNA for the presence or absence of a particular gene or an altered gene

Question 18

What is the function of mRNA (messenger)

Answer 18

1. Complimentary strand to DNA
2. Carries instruction for the production of a protein from DNA to ribosome

Question 19

What is the function of tRNA (transfer)

Answer 19

1. Has a complementary anticodon to mRNA codon
2. Carries an amino acid to the ribosome

Question 20

What is the function of rRNA (ribosomal)

Answer 20

1. Forms part of a structure of a ribosome
2. Forms a weak bond with mRNA in the ribosome

Question 21

What is an anticodon

Answer 21

An anticodon is a sequence of three bases on tRNA that are complementary to a sequence of 3 bases on mRNA