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Biology > DNA and RNA > Flashcards

DNA and RNA Flashcards

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1
Q

Define variation

A

Variation means that there are differences between members of the same species

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2
Q

What is a species

A

A species is a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring

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3
Q

What is heredity?

A

Heredity is the passing on of features from parents to offspring by means of genes

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4
Q

What is gene expression?

A

Gene expression is the way in which genetic information in a gene is decoded in the cell and used to make protein

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5
Q

What is a gene

A

A gene is a selection of DNA that causes the production of a protein

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6
Q

What is the composition of a chromosome

A

60% Protein and 40% DNA

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7
Q

What is non-coding DNA

A

Non coding DNA is DNA that does not cause the production of a protein

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8
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Dioxyribonucleic Acid

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9
Q

What is DNA?

A

DNA molecules carry the genetic code that determines the characteristics of a living thing

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10
Q

What are the 4 bases DNA is composed of

A

Adenine and Thymine
Cytosine and Guanine

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11
Q

What force holds the bases together?

A

Hydrogen bonds

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12
Q

What is genetic code?

A

Genetic code refers to the sequences of bases in DNA that provide the instruction for a cell to make a protein

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13
Q

What is complimentary pairing?

A

The way that one type of base links to another type of base

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14
Q

What does RNA stand for?

A

Ribonucleic Acid

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15
Q

What is the process of DNA replication

A
  1. Nucleotide are made in large quantities in the cytoplasm
  2. An enzyme enzips the two complementary strands of DNA
  3. New complimentary nucleotides link to the exposed bases on the separated strands
  4. A new complimentary strand is built along each “old” strand DNA polymerase assembles the new strand
  5. Two DNA double helixes, identical to the original and each other are now present
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16
Q

List differences between DNA and RNA

A

DNA: Double strand, sugar is deoxyribose, has thymine, very long

RNA: Single strand, sugar is ribose, has uracil, short molecule

17
Q

What is genetic screening

A

Genetic screening means testing DNA for the presence or absence of a particular gene or an altered gene

18
Q

What is the function of mRNA (messenger)

A
  1. Complimentary strand to DNA
  2. Carries instruction for the production of a protein from DNA to ribosome
19
Q

What is the function of tRNA (transfer)

A
  1. Has a complementary anticodon to mRNA codon
  2. Carries an amino acid to the ribosome
20
Q

What is the function of rRNA (ribosomal)

A
  1. Forms part of a structure of a ribosome
  2. Forms a weak bond with mRNA in the ribosome
21
Q

What is an anticodon

A

An anticodon is a sequence of three bases on tRNA that are complementary to a sequence of 3 bases on mRNA

Biology (22 decks)

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