The Skeleton And Muscular Systems

Question 1

What are the main functions of the skeleton?

Answer 1

Support
Movement
Protection

Question 2

What bones make up the axial and appendicular skeleton?

Answer 2

Axial
• Skull and spine
• Ribs and sternum
Appendicular
• pectoral girdle
• pelvic girdle
• limbs connected to girdles

Question 3

What bones make up the pectoral girdle?

Answer 3

2 clavicle (collar bones) and 2 scapula (shoulder blades)

Question 4

What bones make up the pelvic girdle

Answer 4

6 fused bones

Question 5

What are the different parts of the spine and how many vertebrae are part of each

Answer 5

Cervical 5
Thoracic 12
Lumbar 5
Sacrum 5
Coccyx 4

Question 6

What is cartilage and give a function for it

Answer 6

Cartilage contains the flexible protein collagen and takes longer to heal than bone due to lacking blood vessels and nerves

Function: shock absorber

Question 7

What is compact bone and give a function of it

Answer 7

Calcium salts give compact bone it’s strength and protein gives it flexibility

Function: Gives strength to bone

Question 8

What can be found in spongy bone

Answer 8

Red and white bone marrow

Question 9

What are the roles of red and white bone marrow

Answer 9

Red: Produces blood cells
White: stores fat

Question 10

What’s the role of the medullary cavity

Answer 10

Contains bone marrow

Question 11

What are the 3 different joints and give and example of each

Answer 11

1. Immovable joints e.g the skull, pelvic girdle
2. Slightly movable joints e.g the joints between the vertebrae
3. Free moving (synovial joints) e.g hip, shoulder, knee, elbow

Question 12

What are the 2 types of synovial joints

Answer 12

Ball and socket: allows movement in all directions e.g shoulder, hip

Hinge joint: allows movement in one direction only e.g elbow and knee

Question 13

What is the role of synovial fluid

Answer 13

Produced in movable joints to lubricate and reduce friction

Question 14

What are the roles of tendons and ligaments

Answer 14

Tendons connect muscle to bone
Ligaments connect bone to bone

Question 15

Name and descrbe a bone disorder, it’s cause prevention and treatment

Answer 15

Name + Desc: Arthritis is a painful disorder where there is inflammation in one or more joints
Cause: Poor diet, age, genetics
Prevention: A good diet
Treatment: Asprin, physiotherapy

Question 16

What are the different type of muscles and their uses

Answer 16

1. Skeletal: body movement, contract easily, tire easily
2. Smooth: Digestive system, involuntary
3. Cardiac: heart, involuntary

Question 17

What is an antagonistic pair of muscles and give and example

Answer 17

Two muscles that have opposite effects to each other e.g bicep and tricep

Question 18

What is the external structure of a bone

Answer 18

Epiphysis (head)
Diaphysis (shaft)
Cartilage on epiphysis
Perosteum on head

Question 19

What is the bone of the knee called

Answer 19

Patella

Question 20

What are the two cells that form and break bone

Answer 20

Osteoblast: form bone
Osteoclast: break down bone

Question 21

What is the growth plate and what process takes place within it

Answer 21

The area between epiphysis and diaphysis
Process: ossification

Question 22

What is bone renewal dependent on?

Answer 22

Physical activity, hormone levels and diet

Question 23

What hormones determine bone development

Answer 23

Growth hormone, sex hormone and parathormone

Question 24

Which parts of the spine are fused together

Answer 24

Sacrum and coccyx