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Food Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define biomolecules

A

Chemicals that are made in a living thing

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2
Q

Give reasons why organisms need food

A
  1. As a source of energy
  2. To make chemicals needed for metabolic reactions
  3. Growth and repair
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3
Q

What are the elements found in carbohydrates?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

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4
Q

What are the 3 different types of carbohydrates

A
  1. Monosaccharides
  2. Disaccharides
  3. Polysacchrarides
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5
Q

What is the smallest form of carbohydrates?

A

Glucose

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6
Q

List sources of carbohydrates

A
  1. Potatoes
  2. Rice
  3. Bread
  4. Pasta
  5. Fruits
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7
Q

What is the Structural role of carbohydrates in plants?

A

Cellulose is used to form plant cell walls

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8
Q

What is the metabolic role of carbohydrates

A
  1. Glucose is broken down in respiration to make energy
  2. Glucose is made in photosynthesis
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9
Q

What elements are found in Lipids

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

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10
Q

What is the structure of a Lipid? (Triglyceride)

A

One glycerol molecule linked to 3 fatty acids

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11
Q

What is the structure of a phospholipid?

A

One glycerol molecule linked to 2 fatty acids and a phosphate molecule

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12
Q

What are some sources of lipids?

A
  1. Butter
  2. Oils
  3. Fat on meat
  4. Cream
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13
Q

Structural role of lipids

A
  1. Insulate the body
  2. Strengthen cell membranes
  3. Store energy
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14
Q

Metabolic role of lipids

A

Can be broken down in respiration to release energy

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15
Q

What are the elements found in Protein?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

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16
Q

What is the smallest form of proteins

A

Amino acids

17
Q

Sources of protein

A

Meat, eggs, fish, nuts, milk

18
Q

The difference between Fibrous and Globular protein

A

Fibrous = Shows little to no folding. Form fibres and are strong and tough. E.g keratin in hair, nails and feathers

Globular = Shows lots of folding. Forms rounded shapes. E.g egg white

19
Q

Structural role of proteins

A

Keratin is found in skin and hair.
Myosin is found in muscle

20
Q

Metabolic role of proteins

A

Proteins are used as enzymes to control reactions

21
Q

What are the 2 types of vitamins and examples of both

A

Water (vitamin C) and fat (vitamin D) soluble vitamins

22
Q

Metabolic role of Vitamin C

A
  1. Formation of connective tissue
  2. Growth and maintenance of bones and teeth
  3. Help wounds to heal
  4. Help immune system to function properly
23
Q

A disease and symptoms caused by Vitamin C deficiency

A

Disease: Scurvy
Symptoms: 1. Poor healing of skin
2. Bleeding under skin
3. Old wounds open up
4. Bleeding gums w/ loose teeth

24
Q

Metabolic role of Vitamin D

A
  1. Helps absorb calcium
25
Q

A disease and symptoms caused by a deficiency of Vitamin D

A

Disease: Rickets in children, Osteomalacia in adults

Symptoms: Deformed bones that tend to break easily

26
Q

Why are minerals needed by plants and animals?

A
  1. To form body structures like bones and cell walls
  2. To make soft body parts like muscle
  3. To form salts in cell and body fluids
  4. To form biomolecules such as haemoglobin
27
Q

Name a mineral for both plants and animal, its source, and its use

A

Plants: Magnesium, salts in the soil, helps form chlorophyll

Animal: Iron, liver/meat/green vegetables, helps form haemoglobin

28
Q

What is water essential for?

A
  1. Component of cytoplasm and body fluids
  2. Good solvent
  3. Participates in chemical reactions
  4. Movement through membranes
  5. Absorbs heat
29
Q

Define anabolic reactions

A

Use energy to convert smaller molecules into larger molecules

30
Q

Define Catabolic reactions

A

Catabolic reactions release energy when a larger molecule is broken down into a smaller molecule

31
Q

What is used to test for the presence of sugar in food

A

Benedicts solution

32
Q

What is used to test for the presence of starch in food

A

Iodine solution

33
Q

What is used to test for the presence of lipids in food

A

Filter paper

34
Q

What is used to test for the presence of protein in food

A

Biuret solution

Biology (22 decks)

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