Food Flashcards
Define biomolecules
Chemicals that are made in a living thing
Give reasons why organisms need food
- As a source of energy
- To make chemicals needed for metabolic reactions
- Growth and repair
What are the elements found in carbohydrates?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
What are the 3 different types of carbohydrates
- Monosaccharides
- Disaccharides
- Polysacchrarides
What is the smallest form of carbohydrates?
Glucose
List sources of carbohydrates
- Potatoes
- Rice
- Bread
- Pasta
- Fruits
What is the Structural role of carbohydrates in plants?
Cellulose is used to form plant cell walls
What is the metabolic role of carbohydrates
- Glucose is broken down in respiration to make energy
- Glucose is made in photosynthesis
What elements are found in Lipids
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
What is the structure of a Lipid? (Triglyceride)
One glycerol molecule linked to 3 fatty acids
What is the structure of a phospholipid?
One glycerol molecule linked to 2 fatty acids and a phosphate molecule
What are some sources of lipids?
- Butter
- Oils
- Fat on meat
- Cream
Structural role of lipids
- Insulate the body
- Strengthen cell membranes
- Store energy
Metabolic role of lipids
Can be broken down in respiration to release energy
What are the elements found in Protein?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
What is the smallest form of proteins
Amino acids
Sources of protein
Meat, eggs, fish, nuts, milk
The difference between Fibrous and Globular protein
Fibrous = Shows little to no folding. Form fibres and are strong and tough. E.g keratin in hair, nails and feathers
Globular = Shows lots of folding. Forms rounded shapes. E.g egg white
Structural role of proteins
Keratin is found in skin and hair.
Myosin is found in muscle
Metabolic role of proteins
Proteins are used as enzymes to control reactions
What are the 2 types of vitamins and examples of both
Water (vitamin C) and fat (vitamin D) soluble vitamins
Metabolic role of Vitamin C
- Formation of connective tissue
- Growth and maintenance of bones and teeth
- Help wounds to heal
- Help immune system to function properly
A disease and symptoms caused by Vitamin C deficiency
Disease: Scurvy
Symptoms: 1. Poor healing of skin
2. Bleeding under skin
3. Old wounds open up
4. Bleeding gums w/ loose teeth
Metabolic role of Vitamin D
- Helps absorb calcium
A disease and symptoms caused by a deficiency of Vitamin D
Disease: Rickets in children, Osteomalacia in adults
Symptoms: Deformed bones that tend to break easily
Why are minerals needed by plants and animals?
- To form body structures like bones and cell walls
- To make soft body parts like muscle
- To form salts in cell and body fluids
- To form biomolecules such as haemoglobin
Name a mineral for both plants and animal, its source, and its use
Plants: Magnesium, salts in the soil, helps form chlorophyll
Animal: Iron, liver/meat/green vegetables, helps form haemoglobin
What is water essential for?
- Component of cytoplasm and body fluids
- Good solvent
- Participates in chemical reactions
- Movement through membranes
- Absorbs heat
Define anabolic reactions
Use energy to convert smaller molecules into larger molecules
Define Catabolic reactions
Catabolic reactions release energy when a larger molecule is broken down into a smaller molecule
What is used to test for the presence of sugar in food
Benedicts solution
What is used to test for the presence of starch in food
Iodine solution
What is used to test for the presence of lipids in food
Filter paper
What is used to test for the presence of protein in food
Biuret solution
