Cell Division Flashcards
What is cell continuity
Means that a cells develop from pre-existing cells
What are chromosomes
Coiled up threads of DNA
When a cell isn’t dividing, what name is given to the chromosomes
Chromatin
Describe what chromatin looks like
A long thin thread
How many chromosomes do humans have
46
What is a gene
A gene is a section of DNA that reads for a specific protein
What is a haploid cell?
A cell with one set of chromosomes
What is a diploid cell
Has 2 sets of chromosomes
What is the cell cycle
The cell cycle is the changes that take place in a cell during the period between one cell division and the next
What are the stages of the cell cycle in order
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Tetophase
Define cancer
Cancer is a group of disorders in which cells lose their ability to regulate the rate of mitosis and how much it happens
What’s the difference between benign and malignant tumors
Benign: Not life threatening, stop dividing after some time, do not invade other tissues
Malignant: Can be life threatening, can invade other cells and tissues (metastasis), continue to divide indefinitely
What are some causes of cancer (carcinogens)
Cigarette smoke, UV rays, some viruses
What are types of treatment for cancer
Surgery, radiation, use of chemicals to slow down mitosis
What is the centromere
The point at which chromosomes are attached in a double stranded chromosome
What forms after cell division in plant and animal cells to divide the cells
Animal: cleavage furrow
Plant: cell plate
Give a brief summary of prophase
- Chromatin starts to contract
- Chromosomes become visible
- Nucleus disappears
- Spindle fibres appear in cytoplasm
- Nuclear membrane starts to breakdown
Give a brief summary of metaphase
- Nuclear membrane completes its breakdown
- Spindle fibres attach to each of the centromeres
- Centromeres line up in the middle of the cell
Give a brief summary of anaphase
- Spindle fibres contract
- Chromosome pulled apart
3 shortest phase
Give a brief summary of tetophase
- Chromosomes at each pole begin to lengthen and become hard to distinguish
- Spindle fibres break down
- Nuclear membrane forms around the chromatin
- Original nucleus divided into 2 identical cells
