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Tom > Viruses > Flashcards

Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

1) All DNA viruses except ____ are double standed?
2) All DNA are linear except:
3) All RNA viruses are ssRNA except
4) DNA viruses replicate ____ except _____
5) RNA viruses replicate _____ except _____

A

1) Parvoviridae
2) Papilloma, Polyoma, and Hepadnaviradea
3) Reoviridae
4) Nucleus; poxvirus
5) Cytoplasm; Influenza and Retrovirus

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2
Q

Positive Stranded RNA viruses:

A

I went to a hippy retro toga party, where i ate california corona flavored pickles.

Hepe, Retro, toga, calcic, flavi, corona, picorna

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3
Q

1) DNA viruses?
2) Shape?

A

HHAPPPPy

Hepadna, herpes, adeno, pox, parvo, papilloma, polyoma

NB: any P virus picrorna (in name) and paramyxovirus are DNA

2) All icosohedral except Pox (brickshaped)

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4
Q

Viruses that are NOT enveloped?

Where do viruses get their envelopes from?

A

Give PAPP smears and CPR to a naked Hep-py.

PAPP (DNA viruses): Papilloma, adenov, parvo, polyoma

CPR and Hepe (RNA): Calcici Pico Reo and hepe

2) Cell membranes except for HERPES=gets it from NUCLEAR membrane****

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5
Q

Herpes virus characteristics?

A

DSLIDE (get herpes when theres too much Dick sliding).

DS=double stranded; Linear; Icosohedral, DNA, Enveloped

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6
Q

Negative Stranded viruses have _____ capsule?

Positive Stranded viruses have _____ capsule?

A

1) - have helical
2) + have icosohedral

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7
Q

All DNA viruses have _____ envelopes?

A

Icosohedral

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8
Q

Young foreign boy presents with pinkish maculopapular rash starting at head and spreading to whole body with lymphadenopathy bilaterally behind both ears.

A

German Measles (Rubella virus=Togavirus)

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9
Q

Young kid presents with pinkish maculopapular rash starting at the end that spreads down the body. Rash was preceded by cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, and blue white spots on buccal mucosa

A

Measles (RubeOla=Paramyxovirus)

Koplik spots

Subacute Sclerosis Panencephalitis: Virus missing M protein preventing removal from CNS. Virus causes demylination/inflammation. Oligoclonal bands present BUT no antibodies to M protein

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10
Q

Negative Stranded Viruses?

A

Always Bring Polymerases Or Fail Replication

Arenaviruses, Bunyaviruses, Paramyxoviruses, Orthomyxoviruses, Filoviruses, Rhabdoviruses

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11
Q

Segmented Viruses

A

BOAR

Bunyaviruses, Orthomyxoviruses, Arenaviruses, and Reoviruses

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12
Q

HBV Envelope Period Definition?

High Infectivity?

Immunization?

A

Drop of HBsAg befor rise of Anti-HBs (anti surface is a sign of victory)

Presence of HBeAg

Only present of HBsAntibody

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13
Q

HIV what in each gene:

env?

gag?

pol?

Dx HIV?

A

1) gp160 (gp 120=attachement and gp41=fusion and entry).
2) p24=capsid protein. “pnts gag on pill capsid”
3) pol=reverse transcriptase, aspartate protease, integrase
4) Elisa (high Sensitivity) followed by W. Blot (high spec)

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14
Q

HIV:

Low grade fevers cough, heaptosplenomegaly, tongue ulcer

A

Histoplasma Capsulatum

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15
Q

HIV:

Hairy leukoplakia

A

EBV

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16
Q

HIV:

Superficial Vascular Proliferation? (type of inflitration?)

A

Bartonella Henselae causing bacillary angiomatosis showing neutrophil inflitation

(need to DD with HHV8 Kaposi sarcoma which will show lymphocytic infiltration)

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17
Q

HIV:

Chronic Water Diarrhea

A

Cryptosporidium spp (will show acid fast cysts in stool)

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18
Q

HIV:

Abscesses with ring enhancing lesions

A

Toxplasma Gondii

Tx w/ Trimethoprim Sulfa

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19
Q

HIV:

Encephalopathy (type?)

A

JC Virus reactivation causing Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

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20
Q

HIV:

Meningitis

A

Cryptococcos Neoformans (narrow based budding with large capsules on india ink stain)

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21
Q

HIV:

Retinitis or Interstitial Pneumonia

A

CMV

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22
Q

HIV:

Non-hodgkin Lymphoma (large cell type; often with Waldeyer ring) or primary CNS lymphoma

A

EBV

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23
Q

HIV:

Pleuritis Pain, Hemoptysis, Inflitrates on imaging

A

Aspergillus Fumigatus

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24
Q

HIV:

Ground glass appearance on imagin

A

Pneumocystis Jirovecci (PCP)

Tx with Trimethorpim Sulfa

Silver stain. Looks like little frog embryoes kinda clumped together.

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25
Q

HIV:

Tuberculosis-like disease

A

Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare grows at 41 degree C, stains acid fast

Tx: Azithromycin

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26
Q

HIV:

Histoplasma Capsulatum

A

HIV:

Low grade fevers cough, heaptosplenomegaly, tongue ulcer

Tx: Itraconazole

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27
Q

HIV:

EBV

A

HIV:

Hairy leukoplakia

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28
Q

HIV:

Bartonella Henselae causing bacillary angiomatosis showing neutrophil inflitation

(need to DD with HHV8 Kaposi sarcoma which will show lymphocytic infiltration)

A

HIV:

Superficial Vascular Proliferation? (type of inflitration?)

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29
Q

HIV:

Cryptosporidium spp (will show acid fast cysts in stool)

A

HIV:

Chronic Water Diarrhea

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30
Q

HIV:

Toxplasma Gondii

A

HIV:

Abscesses with ring enhancing lesions

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31
Q

HIV:

JC Virus reactivation causing Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

A

HIV:

Encephalopathy (type?)

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32
Q

HIV:

Cryptococcos Neoformans (narrow based budding with large capsules on india ink stain)

A

HIV:

Meningitis

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33
Q

HIV:

CMV

A

HIV:

Retinitis or Interstitial Pneumonia

34
Q

HIV:

EBV

A

HIV:

Non-hodgkin Lymphoma (large cell type; often with Waldeyer ring) or primary CNS lymphoma

35
Q

HIV:

Aspergillus Fumigatus

A

HIV:

Pleuritis Pain, Hemoptysis, Inflitrates on imaging

36
Q

HIV:

Pneumocystis Jirovecci (PCP)

A

HIV:

Ground glass appearance on imagin

37
Q

HIV:

Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare

A

HIV:

Tuberculosis-like disease; Grows at 41 degree C

38
Q

Infectious Mononucleosis: Virus, Type of cell infecting, what’s seen on blood smear?

A

EBV infecting B cells.

The atypical “monocytes” on blood smear are CD8+ T***** lymphocytes reacting to B cells

39
Q

Patient has with fever, maliase, cough, myalgias: Cause?

Patient then presents several days later with dyspnea, chest pain, productive cough: Cause?

A

Influenza

Secondary Pneumonia: most likley staph aureus, streph pneumonia, h flu

40
Q

Killed Viral Vaccines?

A

RIP A-lways

Rabies, Influenza (injected form), Polio (salk), hepatitis A vaccine

41
Q

Most common NNRTIs?

Do they need to be Phorphorylated?

A

nevirapine, efavirenz, delaviridine (noncompetitive irreversible inhibitors of viral enzyme)

No, (unlike NRTIs) they do not need to be phosphorylated

42
Q

Enfuviratide

A

HIV fusion inhibitor blocks gp41

43
Q

Zidovudine (AZT), Zalcitabine

SEs?

A

NRTIs

Zidovudine know to cause bone marrow suprresion

44
Q

navirs?

SEs?

A

Protease Inhibitors, always used part of HAART, never used alone due to rapid resistance devo.

Lipodysrophy (cushing body habitus), Hyperglycemia, Inhibition of P-450

45
Q

Foscarnet?

SEs?

A

CMV infection in HIV (retinitis); Does not require intracellular activation; binds to DNA Pol, RNA pol, and reverse transcriptase

Nephrotoxicity, Electrolyte disturbances (hypocalcemia=calcium chelator and hypomagnesia (which inhibits PTH causing further decreasing Ca=seizures)

“bascially acyclovir that doesn’t require thymidine kinase activation”

46
Q

Inhibits CMV DNA Pol?

A

Gancliclovir and Foscarnet

47
Q

Tx for Hep C

48
Q

Blocks Viral Penetration and uncoating

A

Amatidine and Rimantidine

49
Q

Tx for Infl A and B

A

Oseltamivir and Zanamivir

50
Q

Acyclovir SEs?

Gancyclovir SEs?

Navir’s SEs?

A

1) Crystal Nephropathy and neurotox (delirium and tremor)
2) Severe Neutropenia
3) Fat redistribution, insulin resistnace (hyperglycemia) and hypertriglyceridemia

51
Q

Influenza virus infeciton mechanisms?

A

Hemagglutinin: Allows for entry into cell by forcing cell to intake virus as endosome (sticks to sialic acid residues. Hemaglutinin with help of another viral protein allows for escape from endosome and release of its segmented genome.

Neuramindase: cleaves sialic acid residues allowing for RELEASE of nascent viruses from infected cell.

52
Q

Uti characterized by Hematuria and dysuria in group of kids?

A

Adenovirus causing hemorrhagic cystis (especially when seen in multiple males/kids)

Adenovirus also cause pharyngeal conjunctival fever.

54
Q

Post Blood transfusion person develops splenomegaly. Tests show failure to aggluniate sheeps blood agar.

A

CMV NOT EBV

MONOSPOT TEST: Heterophile antibody test (ability to agglutinate sheeps blood) is negative

55
Q

Kids with exudative pharyngitis presents several days after amoxicillin therapy with maculopapular rash on most of body. Condition?

A

EBV mononucleosis presents like strep.

Amoxicillin with strep=maculopapular rash.

EBV usually has posterior cerival lymphadenopath***

56
Q

Tx for HCV?

A

IFN Alpha and ribavirin

57
Q

Enteritis on cruiseship?

A

Norovirus (which is a calicivirus)

58
Q

Jaundice, high fever, massive hemorrhages?

Virus and family?

A

Yellow Fever (Flaviviruses)

59
Q

Breakbone fever, with retro orbital pain?

Test?

A

Dengue Fever (Flavivirus)

Tourniquet test: Inflate bp cuff between systolic and diastolic for 5 minutes looking for excess petechiae=increased vessel fragility.

60
Q

Two viruses infecting Alpha motor neurons?

A

Polio and West Nile Virus (Flavivirues)

Dx West nile virus with IgM antibodies in CSF (normally not there because too big to get into csf)

61
Q

Two common cold viruses?

A

Rhinovirus (picornavirus) and Coronavirus

62
Q

Aseptic Mengitis in Summer months?

A

Echovirus, Coxsackie virus, enterovirus, Mumps

63
Q

Influenza viral type and characteristics?

A

Orthomyxovirus:

“Her LEGSS”

Helical, Linear, Enveloped, Genome seGemnted, Single Stranded

64
Q

Mumps causes?

A

POM: Parotitis, Orchitis, aseptic Meningitis

“Mumps gives ya BUMPs on your HEAD” (Bumps=parotids/balls; Head=menigitis)

65
Q

Enveloped viruses vs nonenveloped viruses?

A

Enveloped: less stable in enviro thus more likley to be spread by sex, blood, parenterally, resp droplets

Nonenveloped: more resistant to dessication thus more likley to be spread by fecal oral route

66
Q

Roseola infection vs Erythema infectiosum

A

Roseola: 6-15 months, High fever for 3-5 days followed by a maculopapular rash on TRUNK

Erythema infectiosum (fifths disease, slapped cheek): Parvo B19, Aplastic crisis. Maliase fever, coryza, headache, followed by slapped cheek. Adults will have arthritis (and usually sick kids with slapped cheek sxs)

67
Q

Inhaled HPV causes? Why?

A

Hoarseness/Inspiratory stridor from warty growths on true vocal cords (since they are strat squamous epi)

68
Q

-vir- (in the middle of drug name, but not FUVIR)

69
Q

Efaviranz?

70
Q

Nevirapine

71
Q

Delavirdine

72
Q

Raltegravir?

A

Integrase Inhibitor

SEs: HYperhcolesterolemia

73
Q

Enfuvirtide

A

Binds gp41, inhibiting viral entry

74
Q

Maraviroc

A

Binds CCR-5 preventing gp120 interaction

76
Q

Mucicarimine stain for?

A

Polysaccarhide capsule of cryptococcus neoformans

77
Q

What HIV meds cause:

Pancreatitis?

Rash?

Lactic Acidosis

Peripheral Neuropahty

A

Panc: Ritonavir and NRTIs

Rash: NNRTis and Abacavir (Hypersens reaction)

Lact: NNRTIs

Perph Neuropathy: NRTIs

79
Q

Herpes Viruses get their membrane from?

A

NUCLEUS not cell membrane

80
Q

Toxicities of the following:

Acyclovir

Gancyclovir

Foscarnet

Protease Inhibitors

Lamivudine

Zidovudine

A
  1. Ayclovir: Crystal nephropathy and neuropathy: delirium and tremor
  2. Gancyclovir: Severe neutropenia (dangerous in combo with zidovudine)
  3. Foscarnet: Chelates calcium/mg leading to seizures
  4. Protease Inhibitors: Cortisol like: Fat redistribution, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia
  5. Lamivudine: NRTI, rare peripheral neuropathy and lactic acidosis
  6. Zidovudine: bone marrow suppression

Tom (30 decks)

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