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Tom > Fungi/Worms/Protozoa/Nematodes > Flashcards

Fungi/Worms/Protozoa/Nematodes Flashcards

1
Q

Histoplasmosis

A

“histo hides in mississippi macrophages and bat ridden caves while trying to be TB”

ohio river valley. Bird and bat droppings. CAVES

Mimic TB in that there can be calcified opacies on CXR

SYSTEMIC IN AIDS

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2
Q

Blastomyces

A

Blasto buds broadly. (same size as RBC)

East of Mississipi River and north east.

Systemic infection (immuno comp) or acute/chrnoic pulm (in healthy) can have granulomas

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3
Q

Coccidioidomycosis

A

“lots of C’s/O’s in name tells you lots of endospores in spherule” in lungs

Southwestern US: increased after earthquakes

Pneumonia and meningitis

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4
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis

A

Parapelgics need WHEELchairs (captain’s wheel histology)

“Paracoccidio parasials with captiain’s wheel all the way to latin america

Latin america

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5
Q

Candida Albicans

A

Oppurtunistic infection. Dimoprhic yeast: PSEUDOHYPAHEA AND BUDDING YEASTS at 20C and GERM TUBES AT 37C***** “CAN OF germ TUBES”

Superficial Candida: occurs with decreased TH1 cells (AIDS)

Systemic Candida: occurs with decreased/dysfunctional neutrophils.

Vulvovaginitis, rash, endocarditis (IV drug users).

Tx: Topical azole for vaginal; Fluconazole/Caspofungin for oral/esophageal.

Fluconazole, amphoteriicin B, or caspofungin for systemic.

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6
Q

Aspergillus

A

A-cute A-ngles for A-flatoxin A-spergillus ABPA

NEUTROPENIC PNTS (immunosupressed/comprimised)

Aflatoxins=Hepatocellular Carcinoma “Haspergilius”

ABPA: allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillus (asthma and Cystic Fibrosis)–bronchectasis and eosinophilia*****

Lung cavitations after Tb

Asperigilloma: fungal ball in lungs

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7
Q

Cryptococcus Neoformans

A

BUDDING YEAST (NOT DIMORPHIC); “Cryptic in its capsule” “Cryp-toe with AIDS is Shit-toe”

hematogenous dissmentation via inhalation of pigeon droppings.

Sabouraud agar, india ink, mucicarmine.

Latex aggultination test=polysaccharide capsule.

Soap bubble lesion in brain

Pigeon Droppings

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8
Q

Mucor and Rhizopus

A

Mucormycosis: DKA and leukemic patients.

Proliferate in blood vessle walls (when excess Ketones and glucose).

Penetrate cribiform plate causing frontla lobe abscesses.

Black necrotic eschar on face.

Irregular BROAD (asperigilus is thin) nonspetate **hyphae branching at WIDE (right) angles. **DD w/ Aspergillus=acute angles

Tx: amphotericin B

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9
Q

Pneumocystis Jirovecii

A

Spherical Bodies with sharply outlined walls.

PCP–diffuse interstial pneumonia (diffuse bilateral CXR).

Methenamine Silver sain of lung tissue.

CAUSES OVERRPELICATION OF TYPE II PNEUMOS CAUSING SURFACTANT RICH EXUDAE WITH SILVER STAINING CYSTS

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10
Q

Sporothrix Schenckii

A

Sporotrichosis. Rose Gardneners Disease (“richard schenck as a gardner”) Draining lymphatics (ascneding lymphangitis).

Cigar shaped budding

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11
Q

Gallbladder/Biliary Tract disease and cholangiocarcinoma

Tx?

A

Clonorchis Sinenesis.

Undercooked fish = liver fluke

Praziquantel

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12
Q

Brain cysts and seizures (neurocysticercosis)

Tx?

A

Taenia Solium

Praziquantel

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13
Q

Hematuria, bladder cancer

Tx?

A

Schistosoma haematobium

Praziquantel

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14
Q

Liver (hydatid) cysts

Tx?

A

Echinoccus granulosus

Praziquantel

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15
Q

Microcytic Anemia

Tx?

A

Ancylostoma, Necator

Bendazole

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16
Q

Perianal Pruritus

Tx?

A

Enterobius

Bendazole

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17
Q

Portal HTN

Tx?

A

Schistosoma (spp: mansoni, japonicum)

Praziquantel

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18
Q

V B12 Def

Tx?

A

Diphyllobothrium Latum

Priziquantel

19
Q

What does this bug cause?

Clonorchis Sinenesis.

Tx?

A

Pigmented gallstones (Gallbladder/Biliary Tract disease) and cholangiocarcinoma

Undercooked fish = liver fluke

Praziquantel

20
Q

What does this bug cause?

Taenia Solium

Tx?

A

Brain cysts and seizures (neurocysticercosis)

HUGE worms. Undercooked pork/ingestion of eggs

Praziquantel

21
Q

What does this bug cause?

Schistosoma haematobium

Tx?

A

Hematuria, squamous cell carcinoma of bladder (egyptian immigrant).

Snail, swimmers

Praziquantel

22
Q

What does this bug cause?

Echinoccus granulosus

A

Liver (hydatid) cysts; “dog tapeworm”

can leak fluid resulting in an anaphylactic response

23
Q

Ascaris Lumbricoides

A

Giant roundworm. Fecal Oral. Intestinal infections ot the point of obstruction from size of worm.

Leoffler’s Eosinophilic Pnemonitis*** (larve break thru into lungs)

24
Q

What does this bug cause?

Ancylostoma, Necator

Tx?

A

Microcytic Anemia (hookworms—hook into instetines to suck blood)

Walking barefoot from Larvae in soil

Bendazoles

25
Q

What does this bug cause?

Enterobius

A

Perianal Pruritus; Pinworm (3ps)

26
Q

What does this bug cause?

Schistosoma (spp: mansoni, japonicum)

A

Portal HTN

27
Q

What does this bug cause?

Diphyllobothrium Latum

A

V B12 Def

28
Q

Giardia Lamblia

A

Bloating flatulence, foul smelling, fatty diarrhea.

Adheres to intestinal mucosa causing fat malabsoprtion.

Increased incidence with IgA def

Dx with trophyozoites in cyst/stool

29
Q

Entamoeba histolytica

A

Bloody diarrhea, liver abscess, RUQ pain

‘anchovy paste’ exudate; flask shaped ulcer, chromatin spokes

Invades into submucosa (like shigella)

30
Q

Cryptosporidium Parvum

A

Diarrhea in AIDS

INTRACELLULAR (“crypto” hides in cells).

NB: crytpococcus=fungi; cryptosporidium=protozoa

31
Q

Toxoplasma Gondii

TX???

A

Ring enhancing lesion in HIV

Cysts in meat/oocysts in cat feces (P-lasma in P-ork)

“Chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, and intracranial calcifications”

PYRIMETHAMINE AND SULFAZINE***

32
Q

Naegleria Fowleri

A

Rapidly fatal meningoencephaltis

Fresh water lakes–>up nose–>cribiform plate–>meninges

Nalgene=naegleria

Amoebas in spianl fluid

NB: NEGRI BODIES=RABBIES

33
Q

Trypanosoma Brucei

A

African sleeping sickness: ENlarged lymph nodes, recurring fever (from antigen variaiton)

“TSETSE FLY” (painful bite)

_T_setse fly for _T_rypanosoma

“Bruce the Tsetse fly likes to sleep”

34
Q

Babesia

A

Fever+Hemolytic Anemia

Ixodes tick (co-infection can be wtih lymes, rickettsia, francisella)

Atovaquone + Azithromycin

35
Q

Trapanosoma Cruzi

A 
Chagas Disease (Megacolon,
"mega"heart, megaesophagus")

Achalasia via destorying myenteric plexus=dyshpagia

Reduviid bug (“kissing bug”)

36
Q

Leishmania Donovani

A

Visceral Leishmaniasis: Spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly (extramedullary hematopoeisis?), pancytopenia

Sandfly (painful bite); macros containing amstigotes

37
Q

Trichenella Spiralis

A

Undercooked pork.

Myositis and Periortibal edema.

38
Q

What targets Fungal Cell Wall?

A

Caspofungin (cell wall is outside of cell membrane (Amphotericin B))

39
Q

Strongyloides Stercoralis

A

Larvea in soil penetrate skin.

epigastric pain, vomitting nausea, diarrhea

40
Q

Treatment for Nematodes (Roundworms)?

For Cestodes (Tapeworms)? Mechanism?

For Trematodes (Flukes)? Mechanism?

A

Bendazoles cuz roundworms are bendy

Praziquantel (increasing permiability of membrane to Ca2+)

Praziquantel

41
Q

Oral infection of nematodes?

Skin infection of nematodes?

A

You’ll get sick if you EAT these (Enterobius, aschoris, trichonella)

These get in thru the SANd (strongoloidies, anchylstoma, necator)

42
Q

Terbafine MOA?

A

Inhibits Squalene epoxidase

43
Q

Yeast organisms at body temperature?

A

Histo, Blasto, and Cocciodes (they are molds (hyphae) in cold temps)

Tom (30 decks)

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