Viruses Flashcards
What is a virus?
Small, non living particle
Not a cell or bacteria
Not considered alive cuz they can not grow or reproduce
Structural features of a virus
Outer layer of protein called capsules
Very small
Has genetic material called DNA or RNA
Comparison of cell and virus
Virus do not have most cell components (only DNA or RNA)
Can not grow or repsodue
Not considered alive
Do not make or use energy
Do not create waste
Virus Classification
Classified in taxonomy groups even though they have litte shared traits of living thing
Lytic replication
Smaller cycle
Attachment: Virus recognizes and attaches to a host cell, injects genetic material (DNA or RNA),
Synthesis: cell is instructed (by DNA) to make more parts ofvirus (protein and DNA)
Assembly: Virus parts come together and make new virus
Release: cell explodes/lyse, virus infect other cells (cell dies)
lysogenic replication
- Longer cycle, Goes after bacteria and Goes into dormant stage (sleeping/sly)
- virus attaches to the host cell, injects genetic material (DNA or RNA) but does not take control
- Virus DNA becomes apart of cell DNA
- When cell replicates DNA virus is replicated with 2 daughter cells -when virus activates (stress), it separates chromosome and starts lytic cycle (synthesis)
Host cell does not die
Rhinovirus
Common cold
99 strands of rhinovirus
very small
HPV
DNA virus called human papillomarvirus
have (but some do not) physcial symtoms and some can cause cervical cancer
Ebola
Ebola hemmorage fever can cause fevers, sore throat, headcahes
Eventually will bleed out of your organs (internally and externally) and will shut down if untreated
Spread through body fluid contact
HIV
Infection called human immunodeffincy
connected with AIDS
weaknes immune systems, making other disease worse (can not fight againist it)
spread through body fluid contact
Influenza
The flu
Similar symptoms to the cold, however more harsh
Can be deadly
Importance of vaccines
Help the body more antibody
s to help fight the virus
Body has bank of antibodies, which reconqie and create memory banks using virus characteritics
Whit blood cells will remember the virus, so when it enters body, it will die faster
Positive uses for viruses
Uses virus capist to interest drug - chemotherapy
uses virus to interest new genes- helps place good geneses into gene disorders
uses virus to take genes from another plants to into another- pesident resident crops
3 types of vaccines
Live (infectious) attenuated agents
- modified/weakened microbes so they are less virulent/Extreme
inactivated (noninfectious) whole agents
- Modified virus so they do not trigger disease
subunit preparations
- apart of the agent is used to provoke immune rspone (sugar coating or protein of virus)
Treatment for Viral infections
prevent different phases of virus by
- attachment/entry, replicating nucleic acid, protein processing, virus maturation
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