Plant Reproduction Flashcards
Budding
- Asexual reproduction
- Hydra
- It is an outgrowth/extension of an organism
- Sends extra nutrition to start reproducing
- When buds are large enough, they will fall off and grow to be genetically identical
advantes of asexual reproduction
DO not need to find a mate
do not need to have mating previous
not not need specialized anatomy ( cell and tissues)
Fragmentation
- Asexual reproduction
- Fungi
- a piece of organism is released to develop into same organism
- Grow spores which release and travel into soil to germinate
- If two spores meet up, it will be the same (can be axsel or sexual)
Sexual reproduction in humans
Fusion in 2 sex cells
come from 2 parents
offspring is genetically unique
Sperm and egg carry 1/2 of DNA
sperm and egg join and go through fertilization to make a zygote
zygote goes through cell division to make baby
disvantages of sexual repoduction
- Need to make sex cells
- Mating calls can attrcah preditors
- Loss of resources (nectar)
- Extra production/ more energy demanding
- DNA combing may make orgaimsn weak
Advantages of sexual repdocution
- Can adapt to changing environment due to genetic variable
- Moth change colour due to trees changing colours
2 key process of sexual reporduction
Step 1: Making the cells. Formation of gamets/haploid cells with parents info
Step 2: Join cells. Two sex cells joining to make zygote through ferlization make make first unqiue cell
Plant repdocution
asexual and sexual
Sexual repdocution
- sexual is sporic reproduction: alternation of generations
- haploid gatmetiphyes cells prdoce gametes
- diploid sporophytes cells produce spores
- males and female gametes form the sporophyte that continues the life cycle.
Sexual repdocution in seedless plants
- Traceophyes and bryophytes
- spend most of their time in haloid gametophytes
- In order for fertilization sperms form male gametophytes swim to egg in female gametophytes
- water must be present and spern must have flagella
Order of sexual reproduction in seedless plants
- pine trea: gametephytes
- cone: sprorphytes
plant produces and drops spores
-this is produced by sporophytes, which the spores will develop into gametophytes - gametophytes produces sperm cells and egg cells (or either or)
- The sperm fertilizes the egg which produces a zygote
- fertilized egg turns into sporophytes
Sexual repdoction in seed plants
gymnosperms or agniosperms
not free living (does not exist off plant)
male and female cells need to meet
male gametophyte develops into a pollen grain and sperm.
female gametophyte develops into an egg cell
For pollination male gametophyte must be transferred to the female reproductive structure
Order of sexual reproduction in seed plants
- sporophytes has female and male cones
- male cone makes pollen and gets transferred through air to female cones (lands on it)
- This creates a passage way to egg cell (ferizliation)
ferlized egg turns into young sporophytes with seed - grows into adult sporophyes
Sexual Reproduction in Angiosperms
Can contain male and female
Stamen- male
Pistils- female
sepal:
- sounded and protect flower bud
petals: colourful leave that attract pollinators
seed sorrended by fruit are eaten by anials which will ferliize when they poop
alternation of generations
after pollination, seed ferilizes into zygote
embroyo sprorphytes form a seed which geriminate into a mature sporophytes plant
