Viruses Flashcards
dsDNA (use host polymerase)
Class I
ssDNA (use host polymerase)
Class II
dsRNA (Replicase)
Class III
ssRNA “+” strand = sense strand (COVID19) (Can immed. Be translated into protein!)
Class IV
ssRNA “-” strand = non coding strand
Class V:
Retroviruses
Class VI
- Attachment
- Penetration
- Uncoating and targeting
- Gene expression and genome replication
- Assembly/maturation
- Release of new infectious virus
Viral life cycle
____ genome is infectious
Naked
Uses its own RT to make v-DNA and its own integrase to integrated into host genome
Retroviruses
HIV has three major proteins
(gag, pol, env)
____: used for early detection of HIV in newborns
P24:
CD4 counts
Viral load
Initiation and monitoring of Antiviral therapy (ART)
A CD4 count ranges from _______ in healthy adults/adolescents
500-1,600 cells/mm3
A CD4 count of fewer than _____ is one of the qualifications for a diagnosis of stage 3 infection (AIDS)
200 cells/mm3
CD4 t-lymphocyte counts used for:
Determining clinical prognosis
Assessing criteria for antiretroviral therapy
Monitoring therapy
Quantitative molecular assay measures amount of HIV in ________
1 ml of blood
Predict disease progression
Assist with deciding when to initiate antiretroviral therapy
Monitors response to ant-retroviral therapy
Viral Load
amplifies the viral RNA that makes proteins making HIV viral load easier to measure. Most clinical usage due to the simple requirement for instruments
NASBA (nucleic acid sequence based amplification)
creates a light signal whose brightness depends on the amount of viral RNA present
bDNA
uses an enzyme to multiply the HIV RNA in the blood sample
PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
High 100,000 to 500,000 copies (up to 1 million) per mL blood
Low: 20-500 copies per mL of blood
No detectable: < 20 copies/mL blood
> 200 copies/mL blood consider failure of antiviral therapy
Viral Load range
________ blood consider failure of antiviral therapy
> 200 copies/mL
Second most common malignancy in women worldwide
Cervical cancer
HPV ____ and ___ proteins inhibit p53 and pRB protein functions
E6 E7
affect drug sensitivity but may slow viral growth
Primary resistance mutation
compensate for the primary-resistance growth defects (Change drug after 1st resistance)
Secondary-resistance mutations
16,18,
High risk HIV
