Viruses

Question 1

dsDNA (use host polymerase)

Answer 1

Class I

Question 2

ssDNA (use host polymerase)

Answer 2

Class II

Question 3

dsRNA (Replicase)

Answer 3

Class III

Question 4

ssRNA “+” strand = sense strand (COVID19) (Can immed. Be translated into protein!)

Answer 4

Class IV

Question 5

ssRNA “-” strand = non coding strand

Answer 5

Class V:

Question 6

Retroviruses

Answer 6

Class VI

Question 7

• Attachment
• Penetration
• Uncoating and targeting
• Gene expression and genome replication
• Assembly/maturation
• Release of new infectious virus

Answer 7

Viral life cycle

Question 8

____ genome is infectious

Answer 8

Naked

Question 9

Uses its own RT to make v-DNA and its own integrase to integrated into host genome

Answer 9

Retroviruses

Question 10

HIV has three major proteins

Answer 10

(gag, pol, env)

Question 11

____: used for early detection of HIV in newborns

Answer 11

P24:

Question 12

CD4 counts
Viral load

Answer 12

Initiation and monitoring of Antiviral therapy (ART)

Question 13

A CD4 count ranges from _______ in healthy adults/adolescents

Answer 13

500-1,600 cells/mm3

Question 14

A CD4 count of fewer than _____ is one of the qualifications for a diagnosis of stage 3 infection (AIDS)

Answer 14

200 cells/mm3

Question 15

CD4 t-lymphocyte counts used for:

Answer 15

Determining clinical prognosis
Assessing criteria for antiretroviral therapy
Monitoring therapy

Question 16

Quantitative molecular assay measures amount of HIV in ________

Answer 16

1 ml of blood

Question 17

Predict disease progression
Assist with deciding when to initiate antiretroviral therapy
Monitors response to ant-retroviral therapy

Answer 17

Viral Load

Question 18

amplifies the viral RNA that makes proteins making HIV viral load easier to measure. Most clinical usage due to the simple requirement for instruments

Answer 18

NASBA (nucleic acid sequence based amplification)

Question 19

creates a light signal whose brightness depends on the amount of viral RNA present

Answer 19

bDNA

Question 20

uses an enzyme to multiply the HIV RNA in the blood sample

Answer 20

PCR (polymerase chain reaction)

Question 21

High 100,000 to 500,000 copies (up to 1 million) per mL blood

Low: 20-500 copies per mL of blood

No detectable: < 20 copies/mL blood

> 200 copies/mL blood consider failure of antiviral therapy

Answer 21

Viral Load range

Question 22

________ blood consider failure of antiviral therapy

Answer 22

> 200 copies/mL

Question 23

Second most common malignancy in women worldwide

Answer 23

Cervical cancer

Question 24

HPV ____ and ___ proteins inhibit p53 and pRB protein functions

Answer 24

E6 E7

Question 25

affect drug sensitivity but may slow viral growth

Answer 25

Primary resistance mutation

Question 26

compensate for the primary-resistance growth defects (Change drug after 1st resistance)

Answer 26

Secondary-resistance mutations

Question 27

16,18,

Answer 27

High risk HIV