Cancer.... Flashcards
a gene which in certain circumstances can transform a cell into a tumor cell.
Oncogene
_________ mutations are usually a gain of function and dominant
Oncogene
_______ genes normally arrest cell division
Tumor Suppressor
______ _______ gene mutations are usually a loss of function and recessive
Tumor suppressor
Proto-oncogenes have italicized
3 letter designations (ras)
An oncogene that occurs within a virus has the prefix
“v”
An oncogene that occurs within a cell has the prefix
‘c’
Breast cancer
Oncogene - sis (platelet derived growth factor)
Breast Cancer
Her-2/neu (protein kinase)
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
abl - Tyrosine kinase
Many cancers
N-ras – Signal transduction
Burkitt’s Lymphoma
c-myc – nuclear protein, initiate cell cycle
Growth factors
Growth factor receptors
G proteins and intracellular kinases
Cell cycle control proteins (cyclin/Cdk)
Apoptosis control protein
Transcription factors
Types of proteins encoded by oncogenes
promotes RNA synth; in nucleus
Transcription factors
Growth factors
step 1
growth factor receptors (EGF receptor)
step 2
Protein kinases or proteins that activate protein kinases (cyclin-cdk)
step 3
Proteins that control the cell cycle (Cyclin D – bcl-1)
Step 4
Proteins that affect apoptosis
step 5
____ is in many cancers
N-ras
analog of GF receptor (receptor always active)
Her-2/nue
HER2 does not need any triggers, it is ____ triggering
self
anti-onco genes
tumor suppressor genes
Tumor suppressor genes code for proteins that regulate cell-cycle progression and hold cell in ______ or induce ________
quiescence; apoptosis
Retinoblastoma
P53
Most commonly used Tumor Suppressor genes
Found in 50% of cancer cases
P53
Colon, breast, and lung cancer
P53
Retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma, small-cell lung cancer
Rb
Transcription Factors (MYC)
Step 6
