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Molecular Diagnostics > DNA replication > Flashcards

DNA replication Flashcards

1
Q

Pyrimidine

A

Cytosine
Uracil
Thymine

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2
Q

Purine

A

Adenine
Guanine

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3
Q

Base + sugar (via glycosidic bond)

A

Nucleoside

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4
Q

Base + Sugar + Phosphate

A

Nuclotides

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5
Q
  • Nucleic acid synthesis: DNA/RNA
  • Energy currency of cell (ATP)
  • Second messengers in cellular communication (G-protein)
  • Ingredients of co-enzymes
  • Regulators of metabolic reactions
A

Functions of nucleotides

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6
Q

Using ribose-1-p-lase to remove phosphate → Xanine oxidase to remove oxidase to become

A

Uric acid

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7
Q

AMP removes phosphate → adenosine will remove nitrogens using adenosine deaminase → _______

A

Becomes inosine

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8
Q

AMP removes phosphate → adenosine will remove nitrogens using adenosine deaminase → Becomes Inosine → Using ribose-1-p-lase to remove phosphate → Xanine oxidase to remove oxidase →

A

Becomes Uric Acid

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9
Q

___ _____: HGPRT enzyme will convert hypoxanthine back into inosine → Adenosine → AMP

A

To inhibit

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10
Q

Xanthine Oxidase deficiency

A

Hypouricemia

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11
Q

HGPRTase, PRPP deficiency

A

Hyperuricemia - Lesch-Nyhan syndrome/Juvenille Gout

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12
Q

Adenosine Deaminase deficiency

A

SCID

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13
Q

Over expression (SCID)

A

Hemolytic Anemia

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14
Q

Do NOT require large energy

A

Pyrimidine Synthesis

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15
Q

Need Carbon, nitrogen, and amino acids

A

Pyrimidine Synthesis

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16
Q

Cytosine deaminated to ______

A

uracil

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17
Q

Uracil degraded to

A

b-alanine

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18
Q

Folate and B12 required

A

Thymidylate synthesis (dTMP)

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19
Q

Thymidylate synthase
B-12

A

Inhibitors in cancer therapy

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20
Q

Involved in one carbon metabolism

A

Thymidylate synthesis

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21
Q

Precursor to thymidylate synthesis

A

dUMP

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22
Q

B12 used in what two forms in the body

A

Methylcobalamin
5-deoxyadenosyl cobalamin

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23
Q

DHFR inhibitor
Thymidylate synthase inhibitor

A

Chemotherapeutic agents

24
Q

5-fluorouracil

A

Pyrimidine analog

25
Q

Prevent one carbon metabolism

A

DHFR

26
Q

Methotrexate & aminopterin

A

DHFR inhibitors

27
Q

Nucleobases linked by 3’ to 5’ phosphodiester bonds
Chain growth is always 5’ to 3’

A

Primary structure of DNA synthesis

28
Q

Double stranded; anti-parallel; twists into helix
Bases base paired through hydrogen bonding (Watson-Crick bond)

A

Secondary Structure

29
Q

Adenine to thymine (uracil)

A

double bond

30
Q

Cytosine to Guanine

A

Triple bond

31
Q

3’ to 5” ________ Linkage of polynucleotides

A

Phosphodiester

32
Q

A, t, G, or C - Nitrogenous base

A

Rungs of the ladder

33
Q

Phosphate and Sugar backbone

A

Legs of ladder

34
Q

Bidirectional
Synthesis is semiconservative

A

Characteristics of DNA strand synthesis

35
Q

Both strands synthesized simultaneously
Strands unwind and separate (helicase, gyrase)
RNA primer required
Strands must be rewound

A

Synthesis is semiconservative

36
Q

5’ to 3’ so one strand is continuous (Leading strand), other strand is discontinuous (Lagging strand)

A

Bidirectional

37
Q

Pol I
Pol II
Pol III

A

3 prokaryotic polymerases for DNA synthesis

38
Q

replication and repair

A

Pol I

39
Q

implicated and repair

A

Pol II

40
Q

main processing replicative enzyme (de novo synthesis of DNA) → To make it longer

A

Pol III

41
Q

unwraps and separates strands (phosphodiester bonds)

A

Topoisomerase

42
Q

breaks the base pairing (hydrogen bonds)

A

Helicase

43
Q

binds to ssDNA

A

SSB

44
Q

lays RNA primer (gives 3’-OH)

A

Primase

45
Q

synthesizes DNA

A

DNA polymerase III

46
Q

cuts out primers and re-synthesizes DNA

A

Polymerase I

47
Q

reseals strand nicks after Polymerase I (Okazaki fragments)

A

Ligase

48
Q

(type II topoisomerase) rewraps and recoils

A

Gyrase

49
Q

inhibit DNA gyrase

A

Quinolones

50
Q

Methotrexate, aminopterin, and trimethiprin

A

inhibit dihydrofolate reductase

51
Q

Methotrexate
AZT-DNA chain terminator (no 3’ OH)
5’ fluorouracil- inhibits thymidylate synthesis

A

Chemotherapeutic agents

52
Q

genetically active type of chromatin

A

Euchromatin

53
Q

______ makes up chromosomes

A

Chromatin

54
Q

Repetitive nucleotide sequences – called _____

A

telomeres

55
Q

Quiescent/senescent

A

Go

56
Q

Interphase

A

G1
S
G2

Molecular Diagnostics (18 decks)

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