Molecular Application to Infectious Disease

Question 1

positive template

Answer 1

Positive control

Question 2

negative template

Answer 2

Negative control

Question 3

omnipresent template related to target

Answer 3

Amplification control:

Question 4

no template present

Answer 4

Reagent Blank

Question 5

• Improper collection, specimen handling

Extraction/amplification failure: check internal controls

Technical difficulties with chemistry or instrumentation: check method and calibrations

Test sensitivity and specificity

Answer 5

Quality Control: False Positive and Negatives

Question 6

Use of ____ ____ Gene for Identification of a Broad Range of Clinically Relevant Bacterial Pathogens

Answer 6

16S rRNA

Question 7

The 16S rRNA gene (______) is large enough for informatics purposes

Answer 7

(1,500 bp)

Question 8

rapidly spreading outbreak of an infectious disease

Answer 8

Epidemic

Question 9

a disease that sweeps across wide geographical areas

Answer 9

Pandemic

Question 10

collection and analysis of environmental, microbiological, and clinical data

Answer 10

Epidemiology

Question 11

An opportunistic, toxin-producing bacterial pathogen of the GI tract

Answer 11

Clostridium Difficile Infection (CDI)

Question 12

The most common cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea

Answer 12

Clostridium Difficile Infection (CDI)

Question 13

Disease-causing C difficile strains produce 1 or both of 2 toxins:

Toxin A is an ________ (Destroys GI) and toxin B is a ______ (Destroys cells)

Answer 13

enterotoxin

cytotoxin

Question 14

Staphylococcal resistance to oxacillin/methicillin occurs when an isolate produces an altered ______ ______ ____, which is encoded by the mecA gene

Answer 14

penicillin-binding protein, PBP2a

Question 15

S. aureus (MRSA), are resistant to all _____

Answer 15

𝛃-lactam agents

Question 16

Latex agglutination test for PBP2a or a…
Plate containing 6 ug/mL of oxacillin in Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 4% NaCl as alternative method for testing for MRSA

Answer 16

Cefoxitin disk screen test

Question 17

____ ____ _____ ____, such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), can be used to detect the mecA gene (Faster!)

Answer 17

Nucleic acid amplification tests

Question 18

_____ _____ ____ ____ targets both (Hologic) chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG)

Answer 18

Aptima Combo 2 assay

Question 19

______ (RNA based amplification (Isothermal: doesn’t require cycling)

Answer 19

NASBA

Question 20

Organon Teknika offers NucliSens Kit containing reagents for RNA extraction and amplification, and a ruthenium-labeled probe against ___ _____

Answer 20

16S rRNA

Question 21

Combination DNA probe test that uses signal amplification to detect both C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae in a single specimen.

Answer 21

Hybrid Capture II Test (digene corporation, USA)

Question 22

Target DNA combines with specific RNA probes creating RNA:DNA hybrids

Answer 22

Hybridize RNA Probe with Target DNA

Question 23

Clinical specimens are combined with base solution which disrupts the virus or bacteria and releases target DNA

Answer 23

Release nucleic acids

Question 24

RNA:DNA hybrids are captured onto a microtiter well coated with capture antibodies specific for RNA:DNA hybrids

Answer 24

Capture Hybrids

Question 25

Captured RNA:DNA hybrids are detected with multiple antibodies conjugated to alkaline phosphatase

Answer 25

Label for Detection