Oncology

Question 1

large number of V, D, J and C segments can be transcribed and translated to millions of antigen receptors

Answer 1

DNA recombination

Question 2

lymphocytesInvolved in the process of antigen recognition by normal B and T cells

Structurally similar: heterodimer proteins liked by disulfide bonds; composed of variable (V) and constant (C) regions

Genetically similar: consist of a large number of exons DNA recombination to functional receptor

Answer 2

Surface Immunoglobulin and T-cell Receptors

Question 3

Gene rearrangements are normal events that occur in ________

Answer 3

lymphocytes

Question 4

Light chain does NOT have ___ segment

Answer 4

D

Question 5

To detect cell ‘clonality’

Answer 5

Uses consensus V and J segment primers (recognize shared DNA sequences)

Question 6

Monoclonal population are detected by ____ _____ unique to the tumor

Answer 6

sharp bands

Question 7

A family of apoptosis-regulating proteins (preventing apoptosis)

Answer 7

BCL 2

Question 8

Cyclin D1

Answer 8

BCL 1

Question 9

Originate in epithelial tissue, such as the cells lining the intestine, bronchi, or mammary ducts

Answer 9

Carcinomas

Question 10

The tumor has arisen in mesenchymal tissue, such as bone muscle or connective tissue, or in nervous system tissue

Answer 10

Sarcomas

Question 11

Spread throughout the bone marrow, lymphatic system, and peripheral blood

Answer 11

Hematopoietic and lymphoid malignant neoplasms, such as leukemia and lymphoma

Question 12

______ mutation are needed for tumor formation

Answer 12

Multiple

Question 13

______ affected organs (such as in breast cancer)

Answer 13

Bilaterally - hereditary cancer characteristics

Question 14

A large nuclear phosphoprotein

Expression and phosphorylation is cell cycle dependent

Probably a DNA-binding transcription factor and also involved in DNA repair

Answer 14

The BRCA1 protein

Question 15

Localized to chromosome arm 17q

120 different mutations have been identified

Answer 15

BRCA 1

Question 16

gene include 23 exons, and a large exon 11 (100 kb) that contains 60% of the coding sequence

Answer 16

BRCA 1

Question 17

Mutated in 45% of hereditary breast cancers and 90% of patients with breast/ovarian cancer

Answer 17

BRCA 1

Question 18

Localized to chromosome arm 13q

Accounts for approximately 40-45% of early onset hereditary breast cancer

Answer 18

BRCA 2

Question 19

A tumor-suppressor gene of 70 kb in size, containing 27 exons

required to prevent the breakdown of stalled replication forks

Disruption of this function leads to chromosomal rearrangements

May cause genomic instability and predisposition to cancer

Answer 19

BRCA 2

Question 20

Mutation does not contribute significantly to risk for development of ovarian cancer

Answer 20

BRCA 2

Question 21

185delAG

5382insC

Answer 21

BRCA 1 in the Ashkenazi Jewish Community

Question 22

6174 del T

Answer 22

BRCA 2 in the Ashkenazi Jewish Community

Question 23

MSI

Answer 23

microsatellite instability protein

Question 24

MSI
KRAS
BRAF

Answer 24

Molecular CRC (colorectal) markers

Question 25

____ ______ is the third most common non-skin cancer diagnosed in men and women in the US.

Answer 25

Colorectal cancer

Question 26

PCR (paraffin works well)

MMR immunohistochemistry: MLH-1, MSH-2, MSH-6, PMS-2

Blood germline mutation analysis

Deleted affected family members

Answer 26

Detect affected pts with tumor MSI by:

Question 27

KRAS mutations in 30-____ _____

Answer 27

40% CRCs

Question 28

85-90% of all lung cancers are_____

Answer 28

NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer)