Viruses Flashcards

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1
Q

Explain why virus are obligatory intracellular parasites

A

b/c they require living host in order to multiply

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2
Q

Viruses are entities that;

A
  1. contain single type of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)
  2. contain protein coat that surrounds nucleic acid
  3. Multiply inside living cells by using the synthesizing machinery inside the cell
  4. cause synthesis of specialized structures that can transfer viral nucleic acid to other cells
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3
Q

what is a Virion

A

complete viral particle with nucleic acid and capsid. it lives outside of cell

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4
Q

what is a bacteriophage

A

a virus that infects a bacteria cell

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5
Q

list the 3 basic types of viral shapes

A
  1. helical
  2. polyhedral
  3. complex
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6
Q

Non-enveloped Viruses

A

surrounded by protein coating called Capsid which does job of attaching to host cells

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7
Q

what is the function of a Capsid

A

use for attachment to host cells

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8
Q

what is a virus host range

A

the spectrum of host cells a virus can infect

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9
Q

what determines a virus host range

A

the virus requirements for its specific attachment to host cells and availability within host cell of cellular factors it requires to replicate

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10
Q

what are the steps to viral multiplication and explain each step

A
  1. Attachment: phage attaches to surfaces of host cell
  2. Penetration: viral DNA enters host cell
  3. biosynthesis: phage DNA replicates and phage proteins made
  4. Maturation: new phage particles are assembled
  5. Lysis: cell lysis and release newly made phages
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11
Q

what is the lytic cycle in a virus

A

phage causes lysis and death of host cell

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12
Q

what is lysogenic cycle in a virus

A

prophage DNA incorporated into host DNA

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13
Q
A
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