Microbial Metabolism Flashcards
What is Metabolism?
all biochemical reactions that occur in cell/organism
Sum of biochemical reactions required to generate energy & use of energy to syn. cell material from small molecules in environment
What are the two types of Metabolism?
Catabolism
Anabolism
Anabolism
Synthesis of large molecules from smaller molecules (requires energy)(Endergonic)
Catabolism
the breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules (generates energy-ATP)(Exergonic)
What are 3 biochemical mechanisms for energy production
Aerobic Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration
Fermentation
What is the ultimate function of an organism metabolism
to reproduce the organism
What are the 8 elementary statements of metabolism
1) all cells acquire nutrients
2) metabolism requires energy from light or from the break down of nutrients through anobolic reactions
3) Energy is stored in bonds of ATP
4) cells use enzymes to break down nutrient molecules acquired (catabolism) to create elementary building blocks called precursor metabolites
5) use of precursor metabolites, other enzymes and energy from ATP to link building blocks together to form larger building blocks
6) cells use enzymes and additional energy from ATP to link building blocks together to form large macromolecules through process called polymerization
7) cells use macromolecules to create cell structures (ribosomes, cell walls, etc)
8) cells typically divide into 2 once they have doubled in size
What is energy
capacity to do work or cause change
Endergonic
consume energy
Exergonic
release energy
What is an Enzyme and what does it do?
catalytic protein that speeds ups reactions by lowering the activation energy of reaction
what is a catalyst
substance that speeds up chemical reaction and itself is not changed
describe an induced fix for an enzyme
an enzyme binding site is generally complementary to its substrate. an enzyme binding site changes to better fit substrate shape once it binds
what is an RNA enzyme called
Ribozyme
explain mechanism of enzymatic action
1) a substrate binds with enzyme
2) binding forms enzyme-substrate complex
3) substrate is transformed into products
4) products are released
5) enzyme recovered unchanged
List the different types (6) of enzyme classifications and if they are anabolic or catabolic
1) Hydrolase (catabolic)
2) isomerase (neither catabolic or anabolic)
3) Ligase or polymerase (anabolic)
4) lyase (catabolic)
5) oxidoreductase (transfer or electrons or hydrogen from one molecule to another)
6) transferase (moving functional group form one molecule to another)
What are the 3 types of ATP phosphorylation
Substrate-level phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation
Photophosphorylation
What is substrate-level phosphorylation
transfer of phosphate to ADP, from another phosphorylated organic compound
What is Oxidative phosphorylation?
energy from redox reaction of respiration is used to attach inorganic phosphate to ADP
What is photophosphorylation?
light energy used to phosphorylate ADP w/ inorganic phosphate
Where does glycolysis occur?
cytoplasm
What are the inputs for glycolysis
1 glucose molecule
2 ATP
2 NAD+
4 ADP
what are the outputs for glycolysis
2 Pyruvate acids (goes to Krebs cycle)
2 ADP
2 NADH (goes to electron transport)
4 ATP (2 Net ATP)
What are the inputs for Krebs Cycle
1 Pyruvic Acid 2 ATP 2 FADH2 6 CO2 8 NADH
What is the Electron Transport Chain?
sequence of carrier molecules that are capable of oxidation and reuction
Where does the Electron Transport Chain occur in Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
In Eukaryotes: Inner membrane of Mitochondria
In Prokaryotes plasma membrane
what is the max yield of ATP from oxidation of glucose
36 to 38
what is fermentation?
1) releases energy from sugars or other organic compounds
2) does not require O2
3) does not require use of Krebs cycle or an electron transport chain
4) uses organic molecule syn in cell as final electron acceptor
what is the advantage of Fermentation for a cell?
it produces ATP quickly
list the2 types of fermentation
1) alcoholic fermentation
2) lactic acid fermentatio
