Microbial Metabolism

Question 1

What is Metabolism?

Answer 1

all biochemical reactions that occur in cell/organism
Sum of biochemical reactions required to generate energy & use of energy to syn. cell material from small molecules in environment

Question 2

What are the two types of Metabolism?

Answer 2

Catabolism

Anabolism

Question 3

Anabolism

Answer 3

Synthesis of large molecules from smaller molecules (requires energy)(Endergonic)

Question 4

Catabolism

Answer 4

the breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules (generates energy-ATP)(Exergonic)

Question 5

What are 3 biochemical mechanisms for energy production

Answer 5

Aerobic Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration
Fermentation

Question 6

What is the ultimate function of an organism metabolism

Answer 6

to reproduce the organism

Question 7

What are the 8 elementary statements of metabolism

Answer 7

1) all cells acquire nutrients
2) metabolism requires energy from light or from the break down of nutrients through anobolic reactions
3) Energy is stored in bonds of ATP
4) cells use enzymes to break down nutrient molecules acquired (catabolism) to create elementary building blocks called precursor metabolites
5) use of precursor metabolites, other enzymes and energy from ATP to link building blocks together to form larger building blocks
6) cells use enzymes and additional energy from ATP to link building blocks together to form large macromolecules through process called polymerization
7) cells use macromolecules to create cell structures (ribosomes, cell walls, etc)
8) cells typically divide into 2 once they have doubled in size

Question 8

What is energy

Answer 8

capacity to do work or cause change

Question 9

Endergonic

Answer 9

consume energy

Question 10

Exergonic

Answer 10

release energy

Question 11

What is an Enzyme and what does it do?

Answer 11

catalytic protein that speeds ups reactions by lowering the activation energy of reaction

Question 12

what is a catalyst

Answer 12

substance that speeds up chemical reaction and itself is not changed

Question 13

describe an induced fix for an enzyme

Answer 13

an enzyme binding site is generally complementary to its substrate. an enzyme binding site changes to better fit substrate shape once it binds

Question 14

what is an RNA enzyme called

Answer 14

Ribozyme

Question 15

explain mechanism of enzymatic action

Answer 15

1) a substrate binds with enzyme
2) binding forms enzyme-substrate complex
3) substrate is transformed into products
4) products are released
5) enzyme recovered unchanged

Question 16

List the different types (6) of enzyme classifications and if they are anabolic or catabolic

Answer 16

1) Hydrolase (catabolic)
2) isomerase (neither catabolic or anabolic)
3) Ligase or polymerase (anabolic)
4) lyase (catabolic)
5) oxidoreductase (transfer or electrons or hydrogen from one molecule to another)
6) transferase (moving functional group form one molecule to another)

Question 17

What are the 3 types of ATP phosphorylation

Answer 17

Substrate-level phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation
Photophosphorylation

Question 18

What is substrate-level phosphorylation

Answer 18

transfer of phosphate to ADP, from another phosphorylated organic compound

Question 19

What is Oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 19

energy from redox reaction of respiration is used to attach inorganic phosphate to ADP

Question 20

What is photophosphorylation?

Answer 20

light energy used to phosphorylate ADP w/ inorganic phosphate

Question 21

Where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 21

cytoplasm

Question 22

What are the inputs for glycolysis

Answer 22

1 glucose molecule
2 ATP
2 NAD+
4 ADP

Question 23

what are the outputs for glycolysis

Answer 23

2 Pyruvate acids (goes to Krebs cycle)
2 ADP
2 NADH (goes to electron transport)
4 ATP (2 Net ATP)

Question 24

What are the inputs for Krebs Cycle

Answer 24

1 Pyruvic Acid
2 ATP
2 FADH2
6 CO2
8 NADH

Question 25

What is the Electron Transport Chain?

Answer 25

sequence of carrier molecules that are capable of oxidation and reuction

Question 26

Where does the Electron Transport Chain occur in Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes

Answer 26

In Eukaryotes: Inner membrane of Mitochondria

In Prokaryotes plasma membrane

Question 27

what is the max yield of ATP from oxidation of glucose

Answer 27

36 to 38

Question 28

what is fermentation?

Answer 28

1) releases energy from sugars or other organic compounds
2) does not require O2
3) does not require use of Krebs cycle or an electron transport chain
4) uses organic molecule syn in cell as final electron acceptor

Question 29

what is the advantage of Fermentation for a cell?

Answer 29

it produces ATP quickly

Question 30

list the2 types of fermentation

Answer 30

1) alcoholic fermentation

2) lactic acid fermentatio