Virus1 Flashcards
these are essential to prevent viremia
antibodies
these cells attack virally infected cells w/ decreased MHC class 1 expression
NK
this mediates lysis of virus infected cells in CMI
CD8 (CD4 necessary for initial reaction)
cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in Purkinje cells in rabies
negri bodies
this virus has both nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies
CMV
this cytoplasmic change seen in papilloma virus
Koliocytosis
infiltrate in viral response
perivascular mononuclear (lymphocytes and MP)
causes most cases of rabies worldwide (especially in Mexico and Middle East)
wild dogs
receptor for EBV on MP
CD21 complement receptor
rabies attaches to this kind of receptor
Ach
receptor for rhinovirus
ICAM-1
cell required for JC virus
oligodendroyctes
kind of inflammation seen in viral infection
lymphocytic (w or w/o necrosis)
these present target antigens of virus on host infected cell
MHC class I
in cell mediated response to viral infection…inhibits RNA translation –> effects viral translation more than host functions
g-interferons
in cell mediated response to viral infection…activates antiviral responses
a, B interferons
these are antiviral cytokines
a, B, g interferons
HIV and EBV disseminate via this
lymphoid
3 features that determine pathology of viral illness
distribution, cytopathic features, host immune reaction
inclusion bodies in herpes and varicella
Cowdry type A intranuclear
inclusion bodies in rabies
cytoplasmic negri bodies
inclusion bodies in papillomavirus
koliocytes
inclusion bodies in hepatitis
Councilman bodies
this virus has Councilman bodies (necrotic cells)
hepatitis
giant cells seen in measles
Warthin-Finkeldey (with intracytoplasmic/intranuclear inclusion bodies)
inclusion bodies seen in adenovirus
smudge cells and Cowdry type A (intranuclear)
see ground glass cytoplasm in this viral infection
hepatitis
do you see abscesses in viral infection?
no
what is reservoir for childhood illness viruses (CP/MMR)
human
transmission for CP/MMR
respiratory drop nuclei
when do CP/MMR cases peak during the year?
late winter and spring
where does varicella/MMR replicate?
nasopharynx and regional LN
typical incubation period for Varicella
14-16 days
where does Varicella rash typically begin? where is it concentrated after spread?
head; trunk
successive crops of these occur every 2-4 days in Varicella infection
pruritic vesicles
how long does mild prodrome last in Varicella infection?
1-2 days
possible complications for Varicella infection
secondary bacterial infection (of vesicle), CNS manifestations, pneumonia (rare in children)
groups of patients that are at risk of increased complications in Varicella infection
normal adults, immunocompromised persons, newborns
if mom gets rash in this time period from delivery, her newborn is at high risk of Varicella/complications of infection
5 days before or 48 hours after
this occurs as result of reactivated Varicella zoster virus
herpes zoster
virus responsible for chicken pox
Varicella
latent infection of these with Varicella seen in Herpes zoster
sensory ganglia
most frequent distribution of lesions in herpes zoster
trigeminal nerve
herpes zoster associated with these risk factors
aging, immunosuppression, intrauterine exposure, Varicella
when does primary viremia due to measles exposure occur? when does secondary viremia occur? (time after exposure of virus)
2-3 days; 5-7 days
incubation period for measles
10-12 days
3 C of measles symptoms
cough, coryza, conjunctivitis (also stepwise increase in fever to 103)
symptoms of measles prodromal stage
fever (up to 103 or higher), cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, Koplik spots
time it takes for rash to develop after prodrome in measles infection; how long is this after exposure?
2-4 days; 14 days
kind of rash measles has
maculopapular
how long does measles rash last?
5-6 days
these are associated with lymphoid hyperplasia in measles infection
warthin-finkeldy multinucleated giant cells
possible dangerous complication of measles infection
sub-acute sclerosing pan encephalitis
aka the “German” or “3 day measles”
rubella
viremia in rubella occurs this many days after exposure (spread to tissues)
5-7 days
incubation period for rubella
14 days (12-23)
symptoms of prodromal stage of rubella infection
low grade fever, lymphadenopathy (in second week)
description of rash in rubella; when does it occur after exposure?
maculopapular; 14-17 days
major symptoms of congenital rubella syndrome (TORCH)
deafness, cataracts, heart defects, mental retardation
viremia in mumps occurs this time frame after exposure
12-25 days
incubation period for mumps
14-18 days
will see this complication/symptom in mumps infection in 30-40% of patients
parotitis
mumps may present as this in preschool aged children
LRT infection
acute viral illness with parotitis and orchitis (20-50% post-pubertal males)
mumps
recommended age/minimum age for MMR vaccine
12 months
second dose for MMR a this age
4-6 years
contraindications for MMR vaccine
pregnancy, immunosuppression (OK for asymptomatic/mildly symptomatic HIV), acute illness, recent blood product
complications of mumps infection
orchitis/sterility, encephalitis
virus used in small pox vaccination
vaccinia
mode of transmission for small pox
prolonged face-to-face contact, direct contact w/ body fluids (rare aerosolization)
incubation period for small pox
12-14 days
how long does prodrome period of small pox last (fever, malaise, body aches, vomiting)?
2-4 days
where does small pox rash begin (lesions ulcerate then release virions)?
tongue and mouth
where does small pox rash spread after it starts on face?
arms, legs, hands, feet (then to rest of body in 24 hours)
