HIV Flashcards
methods of transmission for HIV
blood, semen, vaginal fluid, breast milk
80-85% of men and women contract HIV via this
unprotected sex
what is more infective in accidental needle stick: hepatitis B or HIV?
Hep B
3 routes of infection in pediatric/perinatal HIV infection
transplacental, infected birth canal, ingestion breast milk
this HIV variant appears to be less aggressive
HIV-2
glycoprotein that mediates binding of CD4 (located on viral envelope of HIV)
gp 120
glycoprotein that mediates fusion to cell membranes (located on viral envelopes of HIV)
gp 41
major capsid protein that is diagnostic for antibodies (what we measure in screening tests…Ab to this)
p24
viral enzymes necessary for HIV reproduction
protease, integrase, reverse transcriptase
HIV binds to this molecule on lymphocytes, MP, and glial cells
CD4
cells that have CD4 molecule for HIV to bind
lymphocytes, MP, glial
where are HIV viruses latent?
unactivated lymphocytes
what causes proliferation of HIV after latent phase?
lymphocyte activation (cytotoxic to host cell)
ratio of CD4:CD8 in AIDS; what is normal?
.5:1; 2:1
CD4 count less than this = AIDS
200
co-receptor for CD4-GP 120 binding in *early* HIV infection
CCR5
co-receptor for CD4-GP 120 binding in *late* HIV infection
CXCR4
these destroy virally-infected cells and terminates early infection of HIV
CD8 (virus-specific)
3 factors responsible for progressive development of immune deficiency
loss CD4 and CD8, evolutionary change in virus
neoplastic conditions associated with AIDS
Kaposi’s sarcoma, Hodgkins disease, lymphoma
GI opportunistic infections in AIDS patients
Giardia, entamoeba, cryptosporidiosis (parasites more common, crypto more deadly)
may see these reactivated latent infections in AIDS patients
toxoplasmosis, TB, herpes zoster
Kaposi’s sarcoma is associated with this infection
HHV8
opportunistic infection in AIDS that is more common in homosexual/bi males; 15% AIDS patients get it
Kaposi’s
cells that proliferate in Kaposi’s
endothelial cells, SMC, pericytes