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Path: Infectious Disease > bacteria3 > Flashcards

bacteria3 Flashcards

1
Q

intracellular vector-borne diseases

A

Rickettsial disease and Erlichiosis

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2
Q

cells infected by Rickettsia (why rash); what does this cause?

A

endothelial cells; perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate

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3
Q

where rickettsia multiply

A

small vessel endothelia

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4
Q

severe manifestations of rickettsial infection due primarily to this

A

vascular leakage

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5
Q

symptoms you will see due to vasculitis of important arterioles/capillaries

A

encephalitis, pneumonitis, rash, N/V, kidney failure

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6
Q

Rickettsia intra or extracellular?

A

intracellular

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7
Q

mediates immune response responsible for much of tissue damage seen in Rickettsial infection

A

cytotoxic T cells

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8
Q

clinical presentation of Rickettsia patients

A

fever, rash, CNS symptoms

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9
Q

treatment for Rickettsia

A

doxycycline

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10
Q

severe presentation of Rickettsia

A

hypovolemic shock, DIC, pulmonary edema

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11
Q

DDx for Rickettsial infection

A

Rickettsial disease, Meningococcemia, Rubeola, Rubella, Erlichiosis

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12
Q

spreads epidemic typhus (Rickettsial disease)

A

lice

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13
Q

organism that causes epidemic typhus (spread by head lice)

A

R. prowazekii

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14
Q

what epidemic typhus begins with clinically; what CNS symptoms can then manifest?

A

centrifugal rash; apathy, dullness, stupor, coma

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15
Q

mild clinical findings for epidemic typhus

A

rash and small hemorrhages

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16
Q

more severe clinical finding in epidemic typhus

A

gangrene (tips of fingers, nose, earlobes, scrotum, penis and vulva)

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17
Q

incubation period for RMSF

A

7 days

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18
Q

vector for RMSF

A

tick

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19
Q

length of time for high fever in RMSF; when does rash appear?

A

2-3 weeks; day 6

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20
Q

major cause of death in RMSF

A

noncardiogenic pulmonary edema

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21
Q

primary vector for RMSF in east of country

A

american dog tick

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22
Q

3 places that lyme disease disseminates; what is most common cause of death?

A

heart, joints, brain; heart

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23
Q

most common vector for Lyme disease (animal to human)

A

tick

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24
Q

spirochete that causes Lyme disease

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

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25
Q

areas in country where Lyme disease most common

A

WI, MN, east coast

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26
Q

receptor for LPS on macrophages…important in Lyme disease immune response (causes most pathology)

A

TLR2

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27
Q

skin rash (vasodilation) w/ dense perivascular inflammatory infiltrates of mononuclear leukocytes

A

primary Lyme disease

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28
Q

bulls eye lesion cause by this organism

A

B. burgdorferi

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29
Q

time frame for secondary Lyme disease to develop

A

weeks to months

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30
Q

symptoms of secondary lyme disease

A

joint disease, cardiac arrhythmias, meningitis w/ CN involvement, muscle pain

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31
Q

time frame for tertiary Lyme disease to develop

A

years

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32
Q

symptoms of Pasteurella multocida due to cat bite/scratch (most common)…rapidly developing under 24 hours

A

cellulitis, abscesses, sepsis

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33
Q

antibiotic used for cat bite/scratches (*all should be treated*)

A

Augmentin

34
Q

causes cat scratch disease (associated with kittens and fleas)

A

Bartonella henselae

35
Q

symptom of cat scratch disease

A

localized lymphadenopathy

36
Q

most widespread zoonotic disease in world

A

Leptospirosis

37
Q

where is Leptospira interrogans excreted from in canines?

A

urine

38
Q

what does Leptospirosis resemble (acute, self-limited, febrile w/ biphasic irritation, conjunctival irritation, hyperemia)

A

viral meningitis

39
Q

virus from “pocket pets”….3 patients received organs and later died with this in 2005…found in pet rodents; exposed thru urine, droppings, saliva, or nesting material

A

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus

40
Q

inhalation of dust-borne contaminated excretia from birds…

A

ornithosis

41
Q

these animals commonly carry salmonella

A

reptiles, turtles

42
Q

very young, very old, immunocompromised, pregnant women should not be exposed to these kind of pets

A

reptiles and pocket pets

43
Q

this bacteria infection comes from rabbits, causes granulomatous inflammation

A

Tularemia

44
Q

animals associated with Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis)

A

sheep and goats

45
Q

cutaneous sign of Anthrax

A

small hemorrhagic pustule (develops to black eschar), painful lymphadenitis

46
Q

pathological mechanism of Anthrax

A

antiphagocytic, edema and cytotoxic factors, leukopenia (destroys PMNs), DIC and death

47
Q

presentation of inhalation of Anthrax

A

severe pneumonia

48
Q

treatment for Anthrax infection

A

penicillin, doxy (also a vaccine)

49
Q

stain that is retained in acid fast mycobacterium after washed with acid solvents

A

carbolfuschin

50
Q

M. tuberculosis is associated with these risk factors

A

elderly, AIDS, alcoholism

51
Q

histological hallmark of M. tuberculosis

A

caseating granuloma

52
Q

type of hypersensitivity that M. tuberculosis induces (cytotoxic T cell response)

A

IV

53
Q

makes up granuloma (tubercle) of M. tuberculosis

A

epithelioid cells, Langhans multinucleate giant cells, collar of fibroblasts, lymphocytes

54
Q

cytokines that are important in granuloma formation due to specific T cell mediated response

A

IFN-g and TNF

55
Q

lacking previous contact with TB…go to terminal bronchials and forms granuloma

A

primary/latent TB

56
Q

single granuloma of lower part of upper lobes with mediastinal lymph nodes having caseating granulomas

A

Ghon focus

57
Q

where Gohn focus most common in latent TB

A

lower part upper lobe or upper of lower

58
Q

makes up Gohn focus

A

primary lung lesion plus caseating necrosis in mediastinal LN

59
Q

where does secondary TB spread? why?

A

apical lobes; higher oxygen tension

60
Q

coalescing granulomas…lost necrotic center because it has eroded into airway (looks like hole)

A

cavitary lesions

61
Q

characteristic findings on Xray for TB diagnosis

A

cavitary lesions, calcification of lymph nodes

62
Q

test that measures amount of interferon production released by MP exposed to TB

A

Quanti-feron

63
Q

areas of body affected by Leprosy (mycobacterium leprae)….coolest parts of body

A

skin and nerves

64
Q

progressive and contagious form of Leprosy

A

lepromatous

65
Q

spirochete that causes syphilis…*3 stages* similar to Lyme disease

A

Treponema pallidum

66
Q

painless ulcer…primary lesion of syphilis

A

chancre

67
Q

in URT/meningitis infections…this activates endothelial cells and MP and causes vascular leakage –> can lead to DIC

A

LPS

68
Q

URT, gram positive, diplococcus that can cause sepsis and meningitis

A

Pneumococcus

69
Q

URT, gram negative diplococcus that can cause DIC, sepsis and meningitis

A

N meningitidis and N gonorrhea

70
Q

URT, gram negative diplococcus that can cause septic arthritis

A

N gonorrhea

71
Q

URT, gram negative diplococcus that can cause sepsis and meningitis

A

H influenzae B

72
Q

in capsule of bacteria…triggers systemic inflammation –> sepsis/DIC

A

LPS or PspC

73
Q

receptors that LPS interacts with to induce systemic cytokine secretion and endothelial cell activation

A

TLR

74
Q

characterized by systemic activation of coagulation by bacteria –> systemic microthrombi –> hemorrhage (after coag factors used)

A

DIC

75
Q

gonnococci only have this in cell wall…why rarely cause sepsis/DIC/meningitis

A

LOS

76
Q

Strep pneumoniae is major cause of these diseases

A

URI, lobar pneumonia, meningitis

77
Q

N meningitidis is sensitive to this antibiotic

A

penicillin

78
Q

Type B haemophilus has this kind of toxin characteristic –> can lead to DIC

A

endotoxin

79
Q

Haemophilus infection that could result in endocarditis (usually normal flora)

A

H parainfluenzae

80
Q

Haemophilus that causes chancroid

A

H ducreyi

81
Q

must conjugate encapsulated bacteria vaccines (H influenzae) because infants cannot make effective antibodies against this

A

capsule polysaccharides

Path: Infectious Disease (10 decks)

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