Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Path: Infectious Disease > bacteria2 > Flashcards

bacteria2 Flashcards

1
Q

organisms most responsible for URT (sinusitis and otitis media)

A

Strep pneumoniae, Staph aureus, Haemophilius influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

most common cause of bacterial meningitis (except in elderly and children)

A

Strep pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

primary inflammatory response blocks these…resulting in secondary overgrowth of colonizing bacteria

A

sinus ostia or eustachian tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

organisms that can cause invasive disease, bacteremia, systemic disease, meningitis from URT (*all have capsule*)

A

Strep pneumonia, Neisseria meningitidis, H. influenzae B, E. coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what Neisseria meningitidis patients normally die from

A

DIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

most common organisms for neonates causing URT/meningitis

A

E coli, group B strep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

most common organisms for adolescents/young adults causing URT/meningitis

A

N. meningitidis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

most common organisms for people across all ages causing URT/meningitis

A

Strep pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

key to pathogenesis in organisms that cause URT/meningitis

A

encapsulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

must have these to fight deep invasion of encapsulated organisms into tissue

A

antibodies and complement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

capsule for Pneumococcus

A

PspC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

capsule for N. meningitidis

A

LPS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

capsule for N. gonorrhea

A

LOS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

capsule for H. influenzae type B

A

LPS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

URT caused by Strep pneumoniae

A

sinusitis and otitis media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

LRT caused by strep pneumoniae

A

lobar pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia

A

Strep pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

virulence factors for Strep pneumoniae

A

PspC capsule, pneumolysin, pspA (inhibits complement)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

these cause secondary asthma due to sinus infection

A

inflammatory mediators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

nutritional requirement for Neisseria

A

iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

gram stain and metabolism for Neisseria

A

negative; aerobic or facultative anaerobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

incubation period for Neisseria meningitidis

A

less than 1 week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

where is petechial rash located in N. meningitidis induced DIC/shock (caused by microhemorrhages in capillaries)

A

extremities and ear lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

these occur in vessles that causes ischemic necrosis in limbs of N. meningitidis DIC/shock

A

microthrombi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

patients lose adrenal function due to clot/bleeding into adrenal glands in DIC of N. meningitidis

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

virulence factor for N. gonorrhea…evades mucosal immunity

A

IgA protease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

window of susceptibility for invasive H influenzae (due to being unable to make good protective Ab response to carbohydrate antigens)….solve this problem with VACCINE

A

3 mo-3 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

3rd most common cause of secondary bacterial infections (sinusitis and otitis media)…gram-neg, present in normal flora

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

gram stain and metabolism of Bordetella pertussis

A

negative, aerobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

vaccine to Bordetella is against this….causes local ciliary paralysis w/ secondary inflammation

A

exotoxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

causes necrotic, coagulative exudate and formation of pseudomembran

A

Corynebacterium diphtheria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

most common cause of death related to Cornyebacterium diphtheria

A

cardiac failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

does Corynebacterium cause necrosis or inflammation?

A

necrosis

34
Q

vaccine for pertussis for children younger than 7

A

DTaP

35
Q

vaccine for pertussis which is intended for person 10 years and older

A

Tdap

36
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheria inhibits this in cells…leads to necrosis (specifically in myocardium)

A

protein synthesis

37
Q

E. coli is considered this kind of organism because it ferments lactose

A

coliform

38
Q

what can urease from Proteus mirabilis cause?

A

chronic pyelonephritis (staghorn calculi)

39
Q

shape and gram stain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

rod, negative (aerobic, flagellum!)

40
Q

exotoxin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa that causes shock

A

A

41
Q

lung infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

fulminant pneumonia

42
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa found in walls of blood vessel causes what characteristic appearance?

A

blue haze

43
Q

this commonly causes pneumonia in cystic fibrosis patients

A

P. aeruginosa

44
Q

necrosis caused by Legionella pneumophilia (very severe

A

fibrinopurulent

45
Q

this organism causes intracellular infection of endothelial cells…with perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate (*perivascular cuffing*)

A

Rickettsia

46
Q

gram stain for Rickettsia; intracellular or extracellular?

A

negative; obligate intracellular

47
Q

transmission for Rickettsia

A

arthropod (bite or contamination of abraded skin)

48
Q

this may appear at inoculation site of Rickettsia transmission

A

eschar

49
Q

diagnosis of Rickettsia infection

A

immunostaining or anti-rickettsial serology

50
Q

primary location for rickettsia multiplication

A

small vessel endothelia

51
Q

primary manifestations of rickettsia infection (*due to vascular leakage secondary to endothelial cell damage*)

A

rash, fever, CNS, small vessel vasculitis

52
Q

this Rickettsial group lyses endothelial cells

A

typhus

53
Q

this Rickettsial group spreads from cell to cell

A

spotted fever

54
Q

Rickettsial infection may progress to this…

A

hypovolemic shock (w/ peripheral edema)

55
Q

NK cells produce this in Rickettsia infection; what cells mediate immune response responsible for most of the tissue damage?

A

IFN-g; cytotoxic T cells

56
Q

occurs as result of small vessel damage in Rickettsia infection

A

thrombosis and hemorrhage

57
Q

these things are seen in severe cases of Rickettsia infection

A

hypovolemic shock, DIC, pulmonary edema

58
Q

DDX for rickettsia infection

A

Meningococcemia, Rubeola, Rubella, Erlichiosis (and Rickettsial disease)

59
Q

transmission of epidemic typhus (R. prowazekii) from human to human

A

head lice

60
Q

responsible for epidemic typhus

A

R. prowazekii

61
Q

characterized by centrifugal rash, followed by CNS symptoms (apathy, dullness, stupor, coma) –> high fever, chills, cough, rash, severe muscle pain, sensitivity to light and delirium

A

epidemic typhus

62
Q

murine typhus is similar to epidemic typhus but is transmitted via these

A

fleas on rodents

63
Q

severe clinical presentation of epidemic typhus (mild is rash and small hemorrhages)

A

gangrene tips of fingers, nose, penis, scrotum, earlobes, vulva

64
Q

will find cuff of these around vessels in epidemic typhus infection; what do you see in affected organs?

A

mononuclear inflammatory cells; ecchymotic hemorrhages

65
Q

incubation period for RMSF

A

7 days

66
Q

general findings for RMSF

A

fever (high for 2-3 weeks), N/V, headache, muscle pain, hemorrhagic rash (including P/S)

67
Q

pattern of RMSF rash spreading

A

periphery to trunk

68
Q

infiltrate seen in RMSF

A

perivascular mononuclear

69
Q

see this in small vessels and arterioles in RMSF

A

necrosis, fibrin extravasation, thrombosis

70
Q

is noncardiogenic pulmonary edema transudate or exudate?

A

exudate

71
Q

major cause of death in RMSF

A

noncardiogenic pulmonary edema

72
Q

will see this in severe infection of RMSF

A

foci necrotic skin (fingers, ears, scrotum, toes, elbows)

73
Q

gram negative diplococcus, normal flora in URT, *third most common cause of secondary bacterial infections*

A

Moraxella cararrhalis

74
Q

C diphtheria has this toxin that can cause damage to distant organs

A

exotoxin A

75
Q

pleomorphic gram negative, aerobic, coccobacillus that has exotoxin that causes local ciliary paralysis

A

B pertussis

76
Q

pertussis exotoxin causes this

A

ciliary paralysis

77
Q

C diphtheria exotoxin causes this due to protein synthesis inhibition

A

fatty myocardial change, myofiber necrosis, polyneuritis

78
Q

what is most common cause of death due to diphtheria?

A

cardiac failure (due to exotoxin)

79
Q

gram negative, rod bacteria cause these 3 kinds of infections

A

UTI, intra-abdominal infection, nosocomial pneumonia

80
Q

cause of most uncomplicated UTI in absence of obstruction

A

E coli

81
Q

this bacteria will cause suppurative infection of abdominal cavity secondary to obstruction (cholecystitis, appendicitis, diverticulitis) or perforation/trauma

A

E coli

82
Q

pneumonia caused by E coli in debilitated patients (dangerous for aspiration)

A

gram neg hemorrhagic bronchopneumonia

Path: Infectious Disease (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions