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Path: Infectious Disease > bacteria5 > Flashcards

bacteria5 Flashcards

1
Q

this enteric pathogen is gram positive, sporulation, and anaerobic; large amount fermentation products and degradative enzymes

A

Clostridium

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2
Q

tetanus vaccine is to this

A

toxin tetanospasmin

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3
Q

what does the tetanospasmin toxin affect?

A

presynaptic inhibitory spinal interneurons

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4
Q

incubation period for Clostridial gastroenteritis; when does it resolve?

A

6-24 hours; 24 hours

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5
Q

what makes up pseudomembrane (caused by toxin put out by bacteria)

A

coagulation of PMNs, necrotic tissue (epithelium), fibrin

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6
Q

botulism preformed neurotoxin cleaves this; what does this block?

A

synaptobrevin; Ach release (causes descending paralysis)

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7
Q

incubation period for Salmonella typhi

A

10-20 days

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8
Q

these are responsible for invasion in Salmonella typhi; what does this cause?

A

mononuclear phagocytes; splenomegaly and typhoid nodules

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9
Q

this enteric organism can colonize the gallbladder in the carrier state

A

Salmonella typhi

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10
Q

this enteric organism is comma-shaped, gram negative, flagellated; *one of most common cause of gastritis, diarrhea, and dysentery in US*

A

Campylobacter jejuni

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11
Q

this enteric pathogen is associated with Guillain-Barre neuropathies

A

Campylobacter

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12
Q

pathogenesis of Campylobacter enteritis (due to jejuni)

A

foul smelling stools w/ blood/exudate

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13
Q

transmission of Yersinia enteritis

A

raw pork, unpasteurized milk

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14
Q

this organism causes ulcerative intestinal lesions (like typhoid), microabscess and granuloma formation, deeply invasive and possibly lethal (*mostly pediatric*)

A

Yersinia entercolitico

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15
Q

these enteric pathogens have rapidly acting toxins

A

Staph aureus and Bacillus cereus

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16
Q

how long it takes for Staph aureus to act (more vomiting than diarrhea); how long does it take to resolve?

A

2-4 hours; 24 hours

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17
Q

Bacillus cereus causes vomiting for this amount of time; and diarrhea this amount of time

A

1-5 hours, 8-15 hours

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18
Q

conditions that favor growth of Clostridial organisms

A

necrotic tissue and anaerobic environments

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19
Q

pathologic mechanism of Clostridial diseases

A

exotoxin (even w/o direct infection) –> absorption/distribution –> necrosis

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20
Q

gangrene/necrotizing cellulitis due to Clostridial organisms is caused in part by these

A

extracellular necrotizing enzymes (phopspholipases, proteinases, poisons)

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21
Q

this is characteristic in gas gangrene due to Clostridial infection

A

hemolytic destruction RBCs

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22
Q

toxin A and toxin B of C. difficile are these kinds of toxins

A

enterotoxin and cytotoxin

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23
Q

suppression of this is attributed to community acquired C difficile

A

gastric acid

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24
Q

death from C. botulinum usually occurs from this

A

respiratory muscle paralysis

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25
Q

symptoms of C. botulinum

A

CN defects (diplopia and dysphasia) and descending flaccid paralysis

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26
Q

these organisms are normal flora where in body? –> staph aureus, stap epidermidis, peptostreptococci , alpha and non-hemolytic strep, anaerobic strep, bacteroides, Candida albicans

A

mouth, nose, oropharynx

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27
Q

these organisms are obligate intracellular organisms

A

viruses, chlamydiae, rickettsiae

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28
Q

propagation of Staph aureus; what is immune response to infection?

A

extracellular; PMNs

29
Q

lack of PMN function makes susceptible for these organisms

A

Staph and strep

30
Q

lack of CMI makes susceptible to these organisms

A

intracellular organisms

31
Q

spore forming, gram positive, bacilli bacteria

A

Bacillus (facultative anaerobe) and Clostridium (obligate anaerobe)

32
Q

this gram positive, cocci has the ability to spread out into tissue (versus other than accumulates w/ PMNs)

A

Streptococcus

33
Q

gram stain color for gram positive

A

purple

34
Q

is Staph aureus coagulase positive or negative?

A

positive

35
Q

is Staph epidermidis coagulase positive or negative?

A

negative

36
Q

this Staph infection most commonly infects damaged tissues (less virulent)

A

Staph epidermidis

37
Q

Staph sepsis commonly affects these organs/body parts

A

valves (endocarditis), kidneys, bones, joints

38
Q

virulence factor for Staph…binds Fc portion of Ig

A

protein A

39
Q

virulence factor for Staph…gives plasmid mediated antibiotic resistance

A

penicillinase

40
Q

aka boil (seen in Staph skin infection)

A

furuncle

41
Q

aka multiple, connected boils (seen in Staph skin infection)

A

carbuncle

42
Q

this is caused by superficial leakage of protein-rich fluid that dries (and becomes crusty)

A

impetigo

43
Q

3rd most common nosocomial infection..major in burns and surgical wounds

A

Staph

44
Q

TSS toxin of Staph causes this (which leads to bad sepsis)

A

non specific activation T cells (T cell superantigen)

45
Q

3 manifestations of bacteremia from Staph infection…most common with drug use

A

acute endocarditis, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis

46
Q

normal flora in skin, periurethral, and urethra –> major cause of UTI in young women (most asymptomatic)

A

Staph saprophyticus

47
Q

examples of spreading suppurative Strep infections

A

cellulitis, impetigo, erisypelas, GABHS

48
Q

examples of post-strep hypersensitivity disease

A

rheumatic fever, immune complex glomerulonephritis

49
Q

part of group A Strep infections

A

GABHS, S pyogens

50
Q

see group B Strep infection in these patients/conditions

A

perinatal sepsis/newborns, UTI

51
Q

major cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis (due to Strep infection –> especially after dental work)

A

viridans

52
Q

major cause of dental caries

A

Strep mutans

53
Q

Strep that are B-hemolytic (complete hemolysis)

A

pyogenes and agalactiae

54
Q

strep that are a-hemolytic (green, partial hemolysis)

A

pneumoniae and viridans

55
Q

present in many Strep subtypes…antiphagocytic

A

M protein

56
Q

group A strep primarily causes these diseases

A

acute pharyngitis/URT, scarlet fever

57
Q

severe, prolonged group A pharyngitis; febril exanthematous disorder (primary 3-15 yo) –> erythrogenic toxin w/ violaceous red rash on trunk–> later desquamation of skin

A

scarlet fever

58
Q

signs of post-strep glomerulonephritis (acute renal failure signs)

A

oliguria, hematuria, hypertension

59
Q

signs of acute rheumatic fever (post-strep sequelae)

A

fever, joint disease, myocarditis and endocarditis

60
Q

autoimmune reaction cross-reacts with this in rheumatic fever

A

M antigen

61
Q

titer in blood that corresponds to acute rheumatic fever

A

streptolysin O

62
Q

sign of chronic rheumatic fever

A

mitral and aortic valve stenosis (due to fibrosis from chronic inflammation)

63
Q

extensive spreading redness, swelling and pain associated with Strep skin infection

A

cellulitis and pyoderma

64
Q

*contagious* skin infection in kids involving horny layers of skin (superficial)

A

impetigo

65
Q

due to Strep groups a/c…middle-aged person in warm climate –> erythematous skin involvement w/o suppuration

A

erysipelas

66
Q

*subcutaneous* strep infection w/ necrosis that is overtaken by anaerobes

A

necrotizing fasciitis

67
Q

type of strep that causes puerperal sepsis (perinatal)

A

group B

68
Q

what rapid strep test looks for (diagnosis of strep throat –> GABHS)…takes 12-48 hour culture

A

group a strep carbohydrate antigen

Path: Infectious Disease (10 decks)

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