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Path: Infectious Disease > bacteria1 > Flashcards

bacteria1 Flashcards

1
Q

aka acquired in hospital

A

nosocomial

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2
Q

bacteria responsible for 95% of community acquired pneumonia

A

Strep pneumoniae

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3
Q

infections with this bacteria usually secondary to other alteration in tissue structure or function

A

endogenous bacteria

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4
Q

lack of this allows infiltration of intracellular organisms (like ricketssia and viruses)

A

cellular immunity

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5
Q

pyogenic cocci

A

Staphylococcus and Streptococcus

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6
Q

if you think about rice…think about this bacteria

A

Bacillus cereus

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7
Q

non-spore forming bacilli

A

Listeria and Corynebacteria

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8
Q

typical stain color for gram negative

A

red

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9
Q

typical stain color for gram positive

A

purple

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10
Q

diagnostic test between Staph and Strep

A

catalase

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11
Q

is Staph positive or negative catalase?

A

positive

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12
Q

is Strep positive or negative catalase?

A

negative

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13
Q

kind of inflammatory response in pyogenic cocci infection

A

suppurative

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14
Q

only pyogenic bacteria that has vaccine

A

Strep pneumonia

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15
Q

is Staph aureus positive or negative coagulase?

A

positive

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16
Q

is Staph epidermidis positive or negative coagulase?

A

negative

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17
Q

general diseases caused by Staph

A

abscess, bacteremia, toxin-mediated

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18
Q

system wide inflammatory response

A

sepsis

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19
Q

aka a boil

A

furuncle

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20
Q

aka multiple, connected boils

A

carbuncle

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21
Q

characterized by superficial skin/wound infection…leakage of protein-rich fluid that dries and becomes crusty (commonly transmitted between kids)

A

impetigo

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22
Q

common upper respiratory staphylococcal infections

A

sinusitis, otitis media, pharyngitis

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23
Q

symptoms of toxic shock syndrome

A

fever, diffuse macular rash, shock

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24
Q

examples of conditions caused by bacteremia from staphylococcal infection

A

acute endocarditis, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis

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25
Q

this group of strep can cause impetigo, GABHS

A

group A

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26
Q

this group of strep can cause perinatal sepsis/in newborns, UTIs

A

group B

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27
Q

enzymes in streptococal infection that contributes to ability to spread through tissues

A

streptokinase, streptolysin O/S

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28
Q

severe prolonged group A pharyngitis …typically 3-15 years old; erythrogenic toxin causes violaceous red rash on trunk

A

scarlet fever

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29
Q

hypersensitivity reaction where antibodies bind cells/tissue….rheumatic fever

A

II

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30
Q

hypersensitivity reaction in which immune complexes form

A

III

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31
Q

3 signs of acute renal failure

A

oliguria, hematuria, hypertension

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32
Q

time after streptococcal infection may get gloerulonephritis; what kind of hypersensitivity reaction is it?

A

1-2 weeks; III

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33
Q

symptoms of acute rheumatic fever

A

myocarditis and endocarditis

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34
Q

scrotal/perineal form of necrotizing fasciitis

A

Fournier’s gangrene

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35
Q

strep typically associated with subacute bacterial endocarditis

A

Strep viridans

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36
Q

does subacute bacterial endocarditis typically occur on right or left side of heart (typically in valves)

A

left

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37
Q

most common organisms that cause foodborne illnesses (can cause hospitalizations)

A

Salmonella (non typhi) and campylobacter

38
Q

common food contaminants but do not cause serious disease (toxin mediated)

A

C perfringens and Staph aureus

39
Q

organisms that are less common to cause food contamination but when they do can be fatal

A

Listeria and E coli O157:H7

40
Q

enteric pathogens that are viruses

A

Norwalk, Enteroviruses, Polio

41
Q

enteric pathogens that are parasites

A

Giardia, Amoebae, Ascaris, Cryptosporiosis

42
Q

incubation period for infection by colonizing toxigenic organisms (hypersecretion reaction from bacterial adherence and toxin secretion)

A

1-3 days

43
Q

incubation period for pathogens that invade the gut wall

A

days-weeks

44
Q

enteric pathogen that has prototype secretagogue enterotoxin

A

Vibrio cholerae

45
Q

enteric pathogens that have cytotoxins

A

Shigella, E coli O157:H7 (Shiga toxin)

46
Q

these enterotoxins act as T cell superantigens

A

Staph

47
Q

invasion and cytolysis of gut epithelium result in this

A

dysentery

48
Q

these 3 things must be present to be considered dysentery

A

loose stool, blood, leukocytes

49
Q

see this when there is only toxin, superficial colonization/toxin, or superficial colonization and inflammation

A

diarrhea

50
Q

this coliform forms green sheet on EMB agar; what is gram stain and shape?

A

E coli; negative, rod

51
Q

aka ferments lactose

A

coliform

52
Q

if E coli has shigatoxin (verotoxin) will cause this

A

hemolytic uremic syndrome

53
Q

E coli infection that causes traveler’s diarrhea

A

ETEC (enterotoxic)

54
Q

E coli infection with severe bloody colitis…from consumption hamburger, dairy products, or fruit juice (*shiga toxin strain –> O157:H7*)

A

EHEC (enterohemorrhagic)

55
Q

E coli infection that causes mainly pediatric diarrhea in impoverished nations

A

EAEC (enteroaggregative)

56
Q

common sources of E coli O157:H7

A

hamburger, unpasteurized milk (also outbreaks in spinach and sprouts)

57
Q

what shigatoxin from E coli O157:H7 inhibits in endothelial cells of large intestine (*Need less than 100 organisms to be infectious*)

A

mRNA translation and protein synthesis

58
Q

symptoms of E coli O157:H7 infection typically begin this time frame after ingestion; how long do symptoms last?

A

3-4 days; 8 days

59
Q

symptoms of E coli O157:H7 infection

A

abdominal cramping, watery to bloody diarrhea (some vomiting, low grade or absent fever)

60
Q

possible serious presentations of E coli O157:H7

A

hemolytic uremic syndrome (in elderly and children) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

61
Q

other strains of STEC that are important (non-O157:H7)

A

O26, O103, O111

62
Q

this enteric pathogen is gram negative, non-motile, and non-coliform

A

shigella

63
Q

where does shigella spread after invasive lesions of colonic mucosa?

A

lymph nodes (NOT BACTEREMIA)

64
Q

Shigella exotoxin causes this; what does this then lead to?

A

mucosal necrosis; pseudomembrane (from fibrinosuppurative exudate)

65
Q

number of organisms needed for Shigella infection

A
66
Q

this enteric pathogen is comma shaped, gram negative, alkali tolerant (fecal-oral transmission, *asymptomatic carriers*)

A

Vibrio cholerae

67
Q

pathogenicity of V cholerae is due entirely to this

A

enterotoxin (induces isotonic fluid secretion)

68
Q

most people with V cholerae die from this

A

dehydration and hypovolemic shock

69
Q

ADP ribosylation and activation of GTP adenylate cyclase (creating cAMP) causes secretion of this in V cholerae infection

A

chloride and bicarb

70
Q

this enteric pathogen is gram negative, non-coliform and produces H2S

A

Salmonella

71
Q

most common organisms for Salmonellosis

A

S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium

72
Q

possible sources of Salmonellosis

A

eggs, undercooked chicken/meat, turtles/reptiles, cantaloupes/mangoes

73
Q

Salmonella causes this in sickle cell anemia

A

osteomyelitis and sepsis

74
Q

symptoms of Paratyphoid fever

A

fever, bacteremia, local lesions (associated w/ sickle cell disease, schistosomiasis)

75
Q

organisms that can cause Paratyphoid fever

A

S typhinurium, S paratyphi, S cholerae-suis

76
Q

where do you see spots associated with fever in Salmonella typhi?

A

low anterior chest, abdomen

77
Q

symptoms of Salmonella typhi

A

fever w/ rose spots, hepatosplenomegaly

78
Q

incubation period for Salmonella typhi

A

10-20 days

79
Q

bacteria associated with aspiration in a hospital setting

A

Klebsiella pneumonia

80
Q

pulmonary infections with Klebsiella and Enterobacter may be associated with this

A

necrotizing abscesses

81
Q

gram negative, facultative anaerobic rod –> causes UTI, pyelonephritis, pneumonia

A

Proteus mirabilis

82
Q

Proteus mirabilis secretes this –> causes alkaline urine, chronic pyelonephritis –> staghorn calculi

A

urease

83
Q

Serratia marcescens causes this `

A

pneumonia (debilitated patients) and UTI

84
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa commonly co-infects with this bacterial complex

A

Burkholderia cepacia

85
Q

this organism can cause corneal keratitis, endocarditis/osteomyelitis (in IV users), external otitis (severe in diabetics)

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

86
Q

gram positive nosocomials –> wound infections, catheters/instruments, bacteremia, necrotizing pneumonias

A

Staph aureus, Staph epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis

87
Q

these are anaerobic gram negative bacterial infections –> ischemic, devitalized tissues, foul smelling pus

A

Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus

88
Q

mode of infections for anaerobic gram negative bacterial infections

A

aspiration, trauma, fecal leakage

89
Q

gram stain for Legionella pneumophila

A

negative (flagellated rod)

90
Q

H. pylori has this creating a protective layer of ammonium around it as protection from the acid in stomach

A

urease

Path: Infectious Disease (10 decks)

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