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Microbiology > Virus Genome > Flashcards

Virus Genome Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the five stages of viral infection?

A
  1. Virus enters the cell
  2. DNA of the virus is uncoated
  3. Viral DNA is translated and transcribed
  4. Newly synthesised viral proteins and newly replicated viral DNA assemble to form new viral particles
  5. New virus particles leave the cell
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2
Q

What must a cell be in order for a virus to enter?

A

Susceptible and permissive

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3
Q

What are susceptible cells?

A

Cells in which viral entry is allowed by having the right cell attachment factors
- Receptors and coreceptors

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4
Q

What molecules act as receptors and coreceptors on susceptible cells?

A

Proteins and glyco-conjugates

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5
Q

Different cells display different ________ and different viruses recognise different __________

A

Markers

Receptors

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6
Q

What are permissive cells?

A

Cells in which viral replication is supported = the right structural and non-structural proteins are present

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7
Q

What is tropism?

A

The ability of a virus to replicate inside a given cell

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8
Q

What are the two ways in which viruses may enter a cell?

A

Endocytic pathway

Fusion (non-endocytic) pathway

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9
Q

What is the endocytic pathway?

A

Clathrin mediated endocytosis and penetration

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10
Q

What is the fusion pathway?

A

Viral envelope fuses with the cellular envelope and the virus enters the cell

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11
Q

How do viruses transport themselves around the cell?

A

On intracellular pathways

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12
Q

When are attempts to stop viral action made?

A

When the intracellular pathway the virus uses is known

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13
Q

What is produced when viral DNA is translated and transcribed?

A

Viral RNA and viral proteins

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14
Q

How are new viral proteins and DNA produced?

A

Using the host cells ‘synthesis machinery’

  • Hosts ribosomes
  • Hosts enzymes
  • Hosts tRNA
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15
Q

What raw materials naturally present in host cells are used in the production of viral DNA and proteins?

A

Nucleotides
Amino acids
Energy

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16
Q

What are non-structural proteins?

A

Building tools

- Enzymes

17
Q

When are non-structural proteins required and in what quantities are they required?

A

Required immediately upon infection in small quantities

18
Q

Where are non-structural proteins required?

A

Only in infected cells

19
Q

Will non-structural proteins become part of the virus?

A

No

20
Q

What are structural proteins?

A

Building bricks

- Proteins

21
Q

When are structural proteins required and in what quantity are they required?

A

Only required after the genome is replicated in large quantities

22
Q

Do structural proteins become part of the virus?

A

Yes

23
Q

What are structural proteins required to form?

A

Progeny particles

24
Q

What does the viral genome code for?

A

Structural and non-structural proteins

DNA or RNA (not both)

25
Q

Is the viral genome single or double stranded?

A

Either depending on whether it is composed of DNA or RNA

26
Q

What is baltimore classification?

A

Viruses are classified into one of seven groups depending on how viral genomes are converted into mRNA

27
Q

What are the features of positive sense RNA?

A

5’ to 3’
Start and stop codons
Open reading frame
Can be translated and transcribed immediately

28
Q

What are the features of negative sense RNA?

A

Compliment of positive sense strand
Cannot be translated immediately
A complementary strand must be produced before transcription and translation occur

29
Q

Why is it hard for viral DNA to replicate in neurons?

A

Because neurons do not replicate and divide and therefore do not have ‘synthesis machinery’ for the virus to use

30
Q

Viruses have different tropisms, what does this mean?

A

Different viruses target different organelles in cells

31
Q

What helps to classify viruses?

A

Viral genomes

32
Q

What are adenoviruses?

A

Viruses that infect linings within the body

33
Q

How do adenoviruses enter cells?

A
  1. Receptor binding
  2. Entry in clathrin coated vesicles
  3. Transport to early endosomes
  4. Endosomal acidification and lysis
  5. Cytosol penetration
  6. Travel to nuclear pore complex via microtubules

Microbiology (18 decks)

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