STIs

Question 1

Name three bacterial STIs.

Answer 1

Gonorrhoea
Syphilis
Chlamydia

Question 2

Name three viral STIs.

Answer 2

Genital herpes
Genital warts
AIDs

Question 3

Name a fungal STI.

Answer 3

Candidiasis = thursh

Question 4

Name a protozoan STI.

Answer 4

Trichomoniasis

Question 5

What are the main problems surrounding STIs?

Answer 5

The social stigma
Long term health consequences = cancer, infertility, heat disease
Congenital infections passing from mother to children

Question 6

How are STIs transmitted?

Answer 6

Direct contact between people

Question 7

What conditions are STIs sensitive to?

Answer 7

Drying
Light
Heating

Question 8

Which STIs result in discharge?

Answer 8

Gonorrhoea

Chlamydia

Question 9

Which STIs result in ulceration?

Answer 9

Syphilis

Chancroid

Question 10

What bacteria causes gonorrhoea?

Answer 10

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Question 11

How do gonorrhoea bacteria enter the body?

Answer 11

Through mucous membranes on the genitourinary tract

Question 12

What is the main symptom of gonorrhoea in men?

Answer 12

Painful urethra infection

Question 13

What are the primary and secondary sites of gonorrhoea infection in men?

Answer 13

Primary = urethra
Secondary = rectum

Question 14

What is the main symptom of gonorrhoea in woman?

Answer 14

Mild vaginitis = makes it hard to diagnose and may go unnoticed

Question 15

What is the primary site of gonorrhoea infection in woman?

Answer 15

Cervix

Question 16

Does gonorrhoea affect more men or woman?

Answer 16

Woman

Question 17

How might gonorrhoea present itself?

Answer 17

As septicaemia, rash or arthritis

Question 18

What is the treatment for gonorrhoea?

Answer 18

Penicillin

Question 19

What is chlamydiae?

Answer 19

An obligate intracellular parasite

Question 20

What are the two forms of chlamydiae?

Answer 20

Elementary bodies = stable and extracellular

Reticulate particles = intracellular and metabolically active

Question 21

What is the life cycle of chlamydiae?

Answer 21

1. Infectious elementary bodies are ingested and encapsulated in phagosomes
2. Replication inside phagosomes to produce reticulate bodies
3. Condensation of elementary bodies
4. Release of reticulate particles

Question 22

What is chlamydiae the main cause of in european woman?

Answer 22

Infertility

Question 23

What is the most common STI in european men?

Answer 23

Chlamydiae

Question 24

What are the four methods for diagnosing chlamydiae?

Answer 24

• Growth in tissue culture
• Immunofluorescence
• Immunoassays
• Molecular techniques = PCR and LCR

Question 25

What age is chlamydiae associated with?

Answer 25

Young

Question 26

What are the primary symptoms of syphilis?

Answer 26

Uclering = 2-8 weeks after infection

Painless

Question 27

What are the secondary symptoms of syphilis?

Answer 27

Systemic illness
Low grade fever
Malaise

Question 28

What is latent syphilis?

Answer 28

Syphilis which produces no obvious signs

Question 29

What is tertiary syphilis?

Answer 29

Syphilis which produces cardiovascular and neurological signs

Question 30

How does infection of syphilis occur?

Answer 30

Via broken skin

Question 31

Can syphilis bacteria be cultured?

Answer 31

No

Question 32

How is syphilis diagnosed?

Answer 32

• Dark-ground microscopy

- Detection of antibodies

Question 33

How does chancroid present itself?

Answer 33

Shallow painful ulcers

Question 34

What do chancroid symptoms progress to?

Answer 34

Lymphadenopathy

Question 35

Is chancroid bacteria gram positive or gram negative?

Answer 35

Gram negative

Question 36

What other disease is chancroid associated with?

Answer 36

The progression of HIV

Question 37

How is chancroid treated?

Answer 37

Can be resistant to antibiotics but it still treatable

Question 38

What are the methods in which chancroid can be diagnosed?

Answer 38

Clinical presentation and exclusion of syphilis
Microscopy of ulcer
Culture
Antigen detection = PCR