STIs Flashcards
Name three bacterial STIs.
Gonorrhoea
Syphilis
Chlamydia
Name three viral STIs.
Genital herpes
Genital warts
AIDs
Name a fungal STI.
Candidiasis = thursh
Name a protozoan STI.
Trichomoniasis
What are the main problems surrounding STIs?
The social stigma
Long term health consequences = cancer, infertility, heat disease
Congenital infections passing from mother to children
How are STIs transmitted?
Direct contact between people
What conditions are STIs sensitive to?
Drying
Light
Heating
Which STIs result in discharge?
Gonorrhoea
Chlamydia
Which STIs result in ulceration?
Syphilis
Chancroid
What bacteria causes gonorrhoea?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
How do gonorrhoea bacteria enter the body?
Through mucous membranes on the genitourinary tract
What is the main symptom of gonorrhoea in men?
Painful urethra infection
What are the primary and secondary sites of gonorrhoea infection in men?
Primary = urethra Secondary = rectum
What is the main symptom of gonorrhoea in woman?
Mild vaginitis = makes it hard to diagnose and may go unnoticed
What is the primary site of gonorrhoea infection in woman?
Cervix
Does gonorrhoea affect more men or woman?
Woman
How might gonorrhoea present itself?
As septicaemia, rash or arthritis
What is the treatment for gonorrhoea?
Penicillin
What is chlamydiae?
An obligate intracellular parasite
What are the two forms of chlamydiae?
Elementary bodies = stable and extracellular
Reticulate particles = intracellular and metabolically active
What is the life cycle of chlamydiae?
- Infectious elementary bodies are ingested and encapsulated in phagosomes
- Replication inside phagosomes to produce reticulate bodies
- Condensation of elementary bodies
- Release of reticulate particles
What is chlamydiae the main cause of in european woman?
Infertility
What is the most common STI in european men?
Chlamydiae
What are the four methods for diagnosing chlamydiae?
- Growth in tissue culture
- Immunofluorescence
- Immunoassays
- Molecular techniques = PCR and LCR
What age is chlamydiae associated with?
Young
What are the primary symptoms of syphilis?
Uclering = 2-8 weeks after infection
Painless
What are the secondary symptoms of syphilis?
Systemic illness
Low grade fever
Malaise
What is latent syphilis?
Syphilis which produces no obvious signs
What is tertiary syphilis?
Syphilis which produces cardiovascular and neurological signs
How does infection of syphilis occur?
Via broken skin
Can syphilis bacteria be cultured?
No
How is syphilis diagnosed?
- Dark-ground microscopy
- Detection of antibodies
How does chancroid present itself?
Shallow painful ulcers
What do chancroid symptoms progress to?
Lymphadenopathy
Is chancroid bacteria gram positive or gram negative?
Gram negative
What other disease is chancroid associated with?
The progression of HIV
How is chancroid treated?
Can be resistant to antibiotics but it still treatable
What are the methods in which chancroid can be diagnosed?
Clinical presentation and exclusion of syphilis
Microscopy of ulcer
Culture
Antigen detection = PCR
