Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Products of Microorganisms > Flashcards

Products of Microorganisms Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is consumed during microorganism growth?

A

Nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are primary metabolites?

A

The metabolism products produced during the growth phase of microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two main primary metabolites?

A

Biosynthesis compounds = more cells

End products of energy metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the three phases of microorganism growth?

A

Exponential
Stationary
Death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When do microorganisms enter the death phase of growth and why?

A

When all the oxygen is consumed because anaerobic respiration is not efficient enough to produce energy required for survival

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What must be optimal in order for microorganisms to produce the ideal primary metabolites?

A

The culture medium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name three primary metabolites.

A

Portable and drinkable alcohol
Industrial solvents
Amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is portable and drinkable alcohol produced?

A

Fermentation by yeast

Ethanol is the final product of anaerobic fermentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What yeast is used for brewing?

A

Saccharomyces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What microorganism produces industrial solvents?

A

Clostridium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name three industrial solvents produced by microorganisms.

A

Acetone
Butanol
Ethanol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the uses for industrial solvents produced by microorganisms?

A

Biofuels = alternatives to compounds produced from crude oils
Plastic manufacturing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the uses of amino acids produced by microorganisms?

A

To correct dietary deficiency disease

As components of processed foods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why might a person require amino acids produced by microorganisms?

A

If the person cannot synthesise the amino acids themselves

If a persons diet lacks in amino acid consumption (soy plants lack methylene)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name a flavour enhancer composed of amino acids produced by microorganisms?

A

Monosodium glutamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why might the components within a growth medium be changed?

A

In order to produce more of a certain product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why does changing the growth medium alter the products?

A

Because it can inhibit the metabolic pathway of other products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is feedback inhibition?

A

The accumulation of a product will inhibit more of that product being produced

19
Q

How might feedback inhibition of desired products be prevented?

A

By allowing the products to diffuse out of the cell

20
Q

What type of medium will allow for products to diffuse out and prevent feedback inhibition and why?

A

Biotin-deficient medium because it will induce permeability of the membrane

21
Q

What products are produced from energy metabolism in anaerobic microorganisms?

A 
Ethanol 
Butanol 
Acetone 
Lactic acid 
- All act as electron sinks
22
Q

What do electron sinks allow for?

A

Allow cells to continue with their metabolic activities as they balance the redox state of the cell

23
Q

What is an auxotroph?

A

A mutant microorganism unable to synthesise a compound that is essential for its survival?

24
Q

What is citric acid used for?

A

A plasticizer in materials

In the food industry

25
Q

What is citric acid made from?

A

Aspergillus fungus growing in pellets

26
Q

Why is citric acid produced in pellets?

A

Because reduced oxygen penetration into the pellet results in the krebs cycle being interrupted and citric acid is produced

27
Q

What are the uses of organic acids produced by microorganisms?

A

Acidulant in manufactured food or drink
Plastic manufacturing
Processed cheese manufacturing

28
Q

What are the methods in which organic acids are produced by microorganisms?

A

Homogeneous filamentous morphology

Pelleted morphology

29
Q

What is pelleted morphology?

A

Each pellet is able to support the growth of cells and acts as an island for growth

30
Q

What does the formation of pellets cause?

A

Diminution of the concentration of certain compounds of the growth medium (oxygen)

31
Q

Why does formation cause diminution of compounds of the growth medium?

A

Because the nutrients enter the pellets to enable growth of cells

32
Q

Why are cells at the centre of a pellet unable to metabolise efficiently and what does this result in?

A

Because oxygen entering the pellet is used by cells on the outside of the pellet
Results in the production of organic acids

33
Q

How can we obtain products we want from microorganisms?

A

By manipulating growth mediums

34
Q

What does acetobacter do?

A

Converts ethanol to acetic acid

35
Q

What is acetic acid used for?

A

Vinegar production

36
Q

How are polysaccharides obtained from microorganisms?

A

Bacteria is grown in a bioreactor

Growth medium and growth conditions are manipulated

37
Q

What microorganism produces polysaccharides?

A

Xanthomonas

38
Q

What are the uses for polysaccharides produced by microorganisms?

A

Food products = yoghurts, increasing viscosity
Industrial = enhanced oil recovery
Viscosity extenders

39
Q

What are the required nutrients for polysacchairde production by microorganisms?

A

Sugars

Phosphate

40
Q

What does limited phosphate result in during polysaccharide production by microorganisms?

A

Excess sugar production

41
Q

What are lipids produced by microorganisms used for?

A

Dietary additives

Biodegradable plastic

42
Q

What microorganism is used to make biodegradable plastics?

A

Alcaligenes

43
Q

What are the uses of vitamin B12?

A

Cures pernicious anaemia

Health food shop products

44
Q

What microorganism produces vitamin B12?

A

Propionibacterium

  • Precursor produced under anaerobic conditions
  • Precursor produces vitamin B12 in aerobic conditions

Microbiology (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions