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Microbiology > Respiratory Diseases > Flashcards

Respiratory Diseases Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Why are respiratory diseases very common?

A

Because respiratory pathogens are easily transmitted

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2
Q

Name five bacterial respiratory diseases.

A 
Tuberculosis 
Leprosy 
Pneumonia 
Diphtheria 
Whooping cough
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3
Q

What bacteria causes tuberculosis?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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4
Q

What bacteria causes leprosy?

A

Mycobacterium leprae

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5
Q

What bacteria causes pneumonia?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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6
Q

What bacteria causes diphtheria?

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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7
Q

What bacteria causes whooping cough?

A

Bordetella pertussis

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8
Q

Name six respiratory viruses?

A 
Influenza 
Common cold 
Measles 
Mumps 
Rubella
Chicken pox
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9
Q

What virus causes influenza?

A

Influenza virus

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10
Q

What virus causes the common cold?

A

Rhinovirus

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11
Q

What virus causes measles?

A

Measles virus

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12
Q

What virus causes mumps?

A

Mumps virus

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13
Q

What virus causes rubella?

A

Rubella virus

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14
Q

What virus causes chicken pox?

A

Varicella zoster

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15
Q

What are the regions of the respiratory tract where pathogens may settle?

A 
Nasal cavity 
Oral cavity 
Pharynx 
Larynx 
Trachea 
Bronchus 
Alveolar ducts 
Alveolar sacs
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16
Q

What bacteria causes tuberculosis?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

17
Q

What part of the body does tuberculosis most commonly affect?

A

Lungs

18
Q

What other infection may be caused as a result of tuberculosis?

A

Meningitis

19
Q

Which individuals are most at risk of catching tuberculosis?

A

Those in close contact of infectious cases
Those who live in places where it is still common
Those with weak or compromised immune systems
Very young or very elderly
Those with chronic poor health
- Alcoholic
- Drug addicts
- Homeless

20
Q

How was the number of cases of tuberculosis reduced in the UK?

A

Better living conditions
Antibiotics
BCG vaccine

21
Q

What are the symptoms of tuberculosis?

A 
Coughing lasts more than three weeks 
Tiredness 
Loss of appetite 
Loss of weight 
Night sweats 
Coughing up blood 
Swollen glands
22
Q

How can tuberculosis be tested for?

A

Heaf skin test

Mantoux skin test

23
Q

What does the heaf test involve?

A

Six small needles are pressed onto the skin to introduce tiny amounts of tuberculin proteins into superficial layers of the skin
- Test site examined 7 days later

24
Q

What does the mantoux test involved?

A

Small amounts of tuberculin proteins are injected into the skin
- Test site examined 48 hours after

25
Q

What is the treatment for tuberculosis?

A

3-4 antibiotics for 6 months

26
Q

What does staphylococcus aureus produce?

A

Leukocidin and enzymes which kill neutrophils and produce pus

27
Q

What are the different types of influenza?

A

A
B
C

28
Q

What are the symptoms of a cold?

A

Common nasal discharge
Sore throat
Slight general malaise

29
Q

What are the symptoms of flu?

A

Sudden onset fever
Headaches
Vomiting
Diarrhoea

30
Q

How has influenza A been transmitted?

A

From birds or pigs to humans

31
Q

What is the genome of influenza virion?

A

8 segments of single stranded RNA

32
Q

What is neuraminidase?

A

Enzyme which enables viruses to be released from the host cell

33
Q

What is haemagglutinin?

A

Glycoprotein responsible for the binding of the virus to the surface of target cells

Microbiology (18 decks)

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