Respiratory Diseases Flashcards
Why are respiratory diseases very common?
Because respiratory pathogens are easily transmitted
Name five bacterial respiratory diseases.
Tuberculosis Leprosy Pneumonia Diphtheria Whooping cough
What bacteria causes tuberculosis?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
What bacteria causes leprosy?
Mycobacterium leprae
What bacteria causes pneumonia?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
What bacteria causes diphtheria?
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
What bacteria causes whooping cough?
Bordetella pertussis
Name six respiratory viruses?
Influenza Common cold Measles Mumps Rubella Chicken pox
What virus causes influenza?
Influenza virus
What virus causes the common cold?
Rhinovirus
What virus causes measles?
Measles virus
What virus causes mumps?
Mumps virus
What virus causes rubella?
Rubella virus
What virus causes chicken pox?
Varicella zoster
What are the regions of the respiratory tract where pathogens may settle?
Nasal cavity Oral cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchus Alveolar ducts Alveolar sacs
What bacteria causes tuberculosis?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
What part of the body does tuberculosis most commonly affect?
Lungs
What other infection may be caused as a result of tuberculosis?
Meningitis
Which individuals are most at risk of catching tuberculosis?
Those in close contact of infectious cases
Those who live in places where it is still common
Those with weak or compromised immune systems
Very young or very elderly
Those with chronic poor health
- Alcoholic
- Drug addicts
- Homeless
How was the number of cases of tuberculosis reduced in the UK?
Better living conditions
Antibiotics
BCG vaccine
What are the symptoms of tuberculosis?
Coughing lasts more than three weeks Tiredness Loss of appetite Loss of weight Night sweats Coughing up blood Swollen glands
How can tuberculosis be tested for?
Heaf skin test
Mantoux skin test
What does the heaf test involve?
Six small needles are pressed onto the skin to introduce tiny amounts of tuberculin proteins into superficial layers of the skin
- Test site examined 7 days later
What does the mantoux test involved?
Small amounts of tuberculin proteins are injected into the skin
- Test site examined 48 hours after
What is the treatment for tuberculosis?
3-4 antibiotics for 6 months
What does staphylococcus aureus produce?
Leukocidin and enzymes which kill neutrophils and produce pus
What are the different types of influenza?
A
B
C
What are the symptoms of a cold?
Common nasal discharge
Sore throat
Slight general malaise
What are the symptoms of flu?
Sudden onset fever
Headaches
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
How has influenza A been transmitted?
From birds or pigs to humans
What is the genome of influenza virion?
8 segments of single stranded RNA
What is neuraminidase?
Enzyme which enables viruses to be released from the host cell
What is haemagglutinin?
Glycoprotein responsible for the binding of the virus to the surface of target cells
