Virus Families Flashcards

1
Q

type of pathogen of virus

A
  • obligate intracellular parasite

- can only replicate inside a host cell

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2
Q

outside of virus

A
  • may be enveloped or naked
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3
Q

viral genomes

A
  • DNA

- RNA

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4
Q

different steps in virus life cycle may provide

A
  • targets for antiviral therapy
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5
Q

generic virus life cycle

A
  • attachment
  • entry
  • uncoating
  • synthesis of protein and nucleic acid
  • assembly
  • release
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6
Q

main components of viruses

A
  • protein
  • nucleic acids
  • lipids
  • sugars
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7
Q

virion

A
  • entire virus particle
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8
Q

envelope

A
  • may have glycoprotein spike
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9
Q

capsid

A
  • protein coat surrounding inner part of virus

- basic unit of structure

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10
Q

nucleocapsid

A
  • protein coat surrounding genome
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11
Q

capsomere

A
  • subunit
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12
Q

envelope derived from

A
  • host cell membranes
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13
Q

envelope contains

A
  • virally encoded proteins that are usually glycoproteins
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14
Q

envelope glycoproteins form

A
  • spike on surface
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15
Q

envelope virus morphology

A
  • pleomorphic

- determined by cell of origin

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16
Q

functions of capsid proteins

A
  • protects viral nucleic acid from environmental stress
  • interacts specifically with viral nucleic acid for packaging
  • interacts with host receptors for entry to cell
  • release of nucleic acid upon entry into new cell
  • viral and/or host gene regulation
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17
Q

how HIV is unique

A
  • nucleocapsid and capsid
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18
Q

isocahedral viruses

A
  • vast majority
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19
Q

isocahedral viruses shape

A
  • spherical
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20
Q

isocahedral viruses limitation

A
  • amount of nucleic acid limited by size of particle

- closed

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21
Q

helical virus shape

A
  • rod-shaped
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22
Q

helical virus limitation

A
  • no limit to amount of nucleic acid that can be packaged

- open

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23
Q

DNA viruses examples

A
  • Poxviridae
  • Herpesviridae
  • Adenoviridae
  • Papovaviridae
  • Hepadnaviridae
  • Parvoviridae

PHAP HP

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24
Q

viral genome functions

A
  • genome replication
  • genome assembly and packaging
  • regulation of replication cycle
  • modulation of host defenses
25
not in genome
- genes that encode for protein synthesis machinery - energy metabolism - membrane biosynthesis
26
outer envelope of enveloped virus composed of
- phospholipids - proteins - glycoproteins
27
enveloped virus released by
- budding
28
enveloped virus in heat, acids, drying
- sensitive
29
enveloped virus and GI tract disease
- less likely
30
non enveloped virus outer covering
- capsid protein
31
non enveloped virus released by
- lysis
32
noneveloped virus in heat, acids, dyring
- resistant
33
non enveloped virus in GI tract
- survive GI tract
34
which viruses are more likely to be latent
- DNA viruses
35
RNA virus replication more prone to
- errors
36
what do RNA viruses use for replication
- virus-encoded enzymes
37
what do DNA viruses use for replication
- host enzymes
38
example of grouping by disease process
- viral hepatitis
39
hep A virus
- picornavirus | - +ssRNA
40
hep B virus
- orthohepadnavirus | - dsDNA
41
hep C virus
- hepacivirus | - +ssRNA
42
hep D virus
- deltavirus | - -ssRNA
43
herpesvirus family examples
- HSV-1 - HSV-2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
44
alpha herpes viruses examples
- HSV-1 | - HSV-2
45
alpha herpes virus action
- establish clinical latency in neuroglanglia
46
beta and gamma herpes virus action
- infect lymphocytic cells
47
primary infection HSV-1 HSV-2
- mouth or genital herpes
48
HSV-1 HSV-2 infection via
- direct contact
49
HSV-1 HSV-2 reactivation
- cold sore | - genital herpes
50
VZV which one more contagious
- chickenpox
51
varicella complication
- bacterial superinfection - pneumonitis - hepatitis - encephalitis
52
clue for varicella infection
- unilateral on one side - band on back - painful
53
symptomology of CMV
- asyptomatic | - can be infectious mono
54
disease of CMV
- congenital infections | - disease in immunocompromised
55
EBV cause
- infectious mononucleosis
56
Influenza A virus group
- orthomyxovirus
57
influenza A virus nucleic acid
- -ssRNA | - segmented
58
another important virus with a segmented genome
- rotavirus
59
subtypes named based on
- envelope hemagglutinin | - neuraminidase