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IMM Exam 2 > Viral Replication and HIV > Flashcards

Viral Replication and HIV Flashcards

1
Q

virion still detectable in

A
  • adsorption and penetration
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2
Q

no intracellular virions detectable

A
  • eclipse period
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3
Q

progeny virion formation

A
  • maturation
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4
Q

no extracellular infectious virus detectable

A
  • latent period
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5
Q

budding, exocytosis, or following necrosis

A
  • release
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6
Q

adsorption

A
  • specific and nonspecific interactions between virus attachment proteins and cellular receptors
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7
Q

two types of entry

A
  • receptor mediated endocytosis

- membrane fusion

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8
Q

viruses that enter via receptor mediated endocytosis

A
  • adenovirus
  • orthomyxovirus
  • rhabdovirus

ROAR

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9
Q

viruses that enter via membrane fusion

A
  • herpesvirus
  • HIV
  • parainfluenza

MF HHP

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10
Q

uncoating

A
  • nucleocapsid is modified or disrupted to allow transcription of mRNA
  • allow genome to serve directly as mRNA
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11
Q

site of replication is _____ dependent

A
  • virus dependent
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12
Q

DNA viruses replicate where? exception?

A
  • nucleus

- Poxvirus

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13
Q

RNA viruses replicate where? exception?

A
  • cytoplasm

- retroviruses and influenza

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14
Q

importance of expression of early genes

A
  • required to initiate viral replication

- protein products of early transcription needed to initiate viral genome replication

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15
Q

progeny nucleocapsid formation

A
  • accumulation of structural proteins in same cellular compartment where replication of progeny genomes occurs
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16
Q

capsid formation

A
  • self-assembly or

- requiring scaffold proteins

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17
Q

for naked DNA and RNA, INFECTIOUS progeny formation occurs when

A
  • once genomes are encapsidated
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18
Q

maturation

A
  • an additional step required for enveloped viruses
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19
Q

internal envelopment where

A
  • ER

- Golgi

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20
Q

internal envelopment and exocytosis viruses

A
  • herpesvirus
  • coronavirus
  • bunyaviruses
  • poxiviruses

BUNNY has HERPES and POX but is okay INSIDE because he’s chillin with a CORONA

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21
Q

cell surface envelopment viruses (budding)

A
  • rhabdoviruses
  • togaviruses
  • orthomyoxivurses
  • paramyxoviruses
  • retroviruses
RPTOR - REPTAR FROM RUGRATS
All the rugrats were best buds. - budding
don't want to get mixed up with Reptar
Retro because Rugrats is retro
Toga because they wear a diaper
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22
Q

egress/release directionality

A
  • has implication for pathogenesis
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23
Q

directionality

A
  • apical

- baso-lateral

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24
Q

pathogenesis

A
  • localized

- disseminated infections

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25
egress/release enzymes
- function to complete the release and maturation process
26
cytopathic effect
- alteration in the appears of the infected cells or even cell death
27
when a uniform cell monolayer is exposed to a few infectious virus particles, what develops
- visible plaques | - areas of CPE
28
how to plaques in CPE develop
- radially from initially infected cells to surrounding uninfected cells
29
human retroviruses
- enveloped RNA viruses - reverse transcriptase - integrase
30
human lentivirus example
- HIV-1 | - HIV-2
31
HIV-1 vs HIV-2
- HIV-1 more common | - HIV-1 more pathogenic
32
four groups
HIV-1, - M - O - N and P
33
HIV-1 M sutypes
- A-H
34
which subtype predominates in the US
- subtype B
35
GP 120 HIV
- HIV adsorption protein | - associates with GP41 (transmembrane protein)
36
P24 HIV
- main capsid antigen | - combination tests look for P24 can detect HIV infection a week earlier
37
major proteins of HIV
- reverse transcriptase - integrase - HIV protease
38
primary receptor for HIV
- CD4
39
co-receptors for HIV
- CCR5 | - CXCR4
40
CD4 receptors located on
- T lymphocytes - macrophages - microglial cells
41
sequences within V3 loops of gp120 determine
- coreceptor usage
42
CCR5 using viruses
- M-tropic - R5 viruses - most of HIV today
43
CXCR4 using viruses
- T-tropic - X4 virus - Mostly in AIDS
44
HIV entry mediated via
- interactions of Env gp120/gp41 with CD4 | - conformation change of gp120
45
conformational change of gp120
- interaction with chemokine receptor | - conformational change of gp41
46
conformational change of gp41
- penetrates the cell
47
coreceptor switch
- switch of CCR5 to CXCR4 during disease progression
48
first step of reverse transcription
- reverse transcription of ssRNA to proviral DNA
49
second step of reverse transcription
- RNAse H degrades RNA
50
third step of reverse transcription
- second strand of DNA produced resulting in dsDNA
51
the enzymatic activities on HIV RT enzyme
- RdDp - DdDp - RNaseH
52
HIV virion half life in blood
- 30 minutes
53
how many mutations per viral copy
- at least 1
54
high viral replication =
more frequent mutations
55
every single point mutation occurs
daily
56
how DS DNA viruses replicates | example
- herpes virus | - enter nucleus directly
57
how +ssRNA virus replicates | example
- polio - +ssRNA acts mRNA - translated by host ribosomes to make viral polymerase - proceeds with replication events
58
how -ssRNA virus replicates | example
- flu | - use carry own viral polymerase to carry out replicative events
59
integrase
- helps identify integration site on host DNA | - executes strand transfer to get integrated into chromosome
60
protease
- cleavage and particle maturation

IMM Exam 2 (15 decks)

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