Modifiers of the Immune System Flashcards
1
Q
undernourished
A
- insufficient energy to generate effective immunity
- more prone to microbial infections
2
Q
overnourished
A
- impaired or overactive immunity
- more prone to microbial infections, excess inflammation
3
Q
malnutrition
A
- general term for lack of some or all elements necessary for human health
4
Q
kwashiorkor
A
- insufficient protein leads to edema and bloating
5
Q
marasmus
A
- energy deficiency
- generally acute
- wasting
6
Q
most common micronutrient deficiencies
A
- iodine
- iron
- vitamin A
- zinc
7
Q
iron deficiency affects function of
A
- neutrophils
- macrophages
8
Q
which cytokines are decreased in iron deficiency
A
- pro inflammatory
9
Q
which cells impacted in iron deficiency
A
- T cells
- B cells to lesser extent
10
Q
which function diminished in iron deficiency?
A
- thymus function
11
Q
hepcidin
A
- decreases serum iron and dietary iron absorption
12
Q
iron supplements favor
A
- pathogens
13
Q
vitamin A deficiency results in
A
- skews immune system toward TH1 response
- reduces TH2 driven antibody responses to vaccines
14
Q
vitamin A reduced mortality from
A
- measles
- diarrhea
15
Q
obesity and inflammation
A
- associated with low grade chronic inflammation
16
Q
obesity and T cells
A
- alterations in T cell subsets
- linked to increases in TNF-alpha and other pro-inflammatory cytokines
