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IMM Exam 2 > Antivirals > Flashcards

Antivirals Flashcards

1
Q

acyclovir trade name

A
  • zovirax
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2
Q

acyclovir analogue of

A
  • deoxyguanosine
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3
Q

acyclovir action

A
  • chain terminator of viral DNA synthesis
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4
Q

acyclovir specificity

A
  • HSV infected cell

- viral DNA

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5
Q

how acyclovir gets into cell

A
  • unphosphorylated
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6
Q

how acyclovir becomes active

A
  • phosphorylation
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7
Q

initial step of phosphorylation accomplished by

A
  • HSV thymidine kinase

- only in cells with HSV do you get the first phosphorylation

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8
Q

acyclovir affinity

result?

A
  • greater for viral polymerase than cellular polymerase

- less cellular toxicity

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9
Q

acyclovir very affective against

A
  • HSV-1 and 2
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10
Q

acyclovir drug of choice for

A
  • HSV and VZV
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11
Q

acyclovir activity against other herpesviruses

A
  • little to no in vivo activity
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12
Q

problem with oral acyclovir

A
  • not high bioavailability
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13
Q

acyclovir options for teens and adults

A
  • valacyclovir

- famciclovir

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14
Q

type of drug for valacyclovir and famciclovir

A
  • pro drug of acyclovir
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15
Q

valacyclovir and famciclovir used for

A
  • treatment or prophylaxis
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16
Q

for really serious infections against herpes virus family

A
  • give IV acyclovir
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17
Q

by the end of the day of a coldsore, you are seeing

A
  • the inflammatory response

- little viral replication

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18
Q

ganciclovir phosphorylated by

result?

A
  • CMV kinase
  • cellular kinases
  • less specific
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19
Q

ganciclovir MOA

A
  • inhibits CMV replication
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20
Q

ganciclovir adverse effects

A
  • greater

- bone marrow toxicity

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21
Q

ganciclovir use

A
  • severe CMV infection

- HHV-6, HSV and VZV

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22
Q

valganciclovir type of drug

A
  • pro drug of ganciclovir
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23
Q

valganciclovir use

A
  • oral prophylaxis

- preemptive therapy

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24
Q

herpesvirus DNA polymerase inhibitors examples

A
  • foscarnet

- cidofovir

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25
foscarnet and cidofovir effects
- nephrotoxicity
26
antiviral resistance mostly due to mutations in
- viral thymidine kinase | - viral polymerase
27
antiviral resistance usually seen in why?
- immunocompromised patients | - much higher viral load, more antiviral agents, more changes for mutation
28
segmented genome viruses
- flu | - rotavirus
29
antiviral drugs for influenza
- amantidine (symmetrel - rimantadine (flumadine) - OSTELTAMIVIR (TAMIFLU) - zanamivir (relenza)
30
osteltamivir (tamiflu) and zanamivir (relenza) inhibit
- neuraminidase
31
osteltamivir (tamiflu) and zanamivir (relenza) effective for which types of flu
- A and B
32
how to take zanamivir
- inhaled
33
problem with antiviral drugs for influenza
- development of resistance
34
adverse events of antiviral drugs for influenza
- neuropsychiatric effects | - insomnia, "child bouncing off wall"
35
function of neuraminidase
- cleaves sialic acid attached to flu virus as it tries to leave the cell
36
if you start tamiflu on the day that you are ill with influenza
- you may have one day less with symptoms
37
ribavirin type of drug
- nucleoside analog
38
ribavirin historically used for
- aerosol treatment of patients with RSV
39
ribavirin currently used for
- combination therapy for Hep C
40
ribavirin adverse effect
- anemia
41
NRTI drugs
- Zidovudine - Abacavir - Lamivudine - Emtricitabine - Tenofovir NRTI ZALET (SALAD)
42
Zidovudine trade name
- Retrovir | - AZT
43
Zidovudine type of drug
- analog of thymidine | - DNA chain elongation terminator
44
Zidovudine MOA
- competitive binding of RT
45
Zidovudine fun fact
- only drug available in IV formation
46
Zidovudine serious effects
- black box warnings for neutropenia - severe anema - myopathy
47
Abacavir trade name
- Ziagen
48
Abacavir use compared to zidovudine
- greater use than zidovudine
49
Abacavir risk
- risk of hypersensitivity reaction
50
Abacavir serious effects
- cardiac disease
51
Lamivudine trade name
- Epivivr
52
Emtricitabine trade name
- Emtriva
53
Lamivudine and Emtricitabine common use with
- zidovudine or tenofovir
54
Lamivudine and Emtricitabine also effective for
- Hep B
55
Tenofovir trade name
- Viread
56
Tenofovir commonality
- most common drugs in combination pills | - drug most in use
57
TAF vs TDF
- TAF less renal and bone toxicity than TDF
58
Tenofovir also effective against
- Hep B
59
Lopinavir/Ritonavir trade name
- Kaletra
60
Lopinavir/Ritonavir MOA
- protease inhibitor | - navir - is a protease inhibitor
61
use of ritonavir
- to boost primary drug
62
Raltegravir MOA
- integrase inhibitor
63
Maraviroc MOA
- inhibitor CCR5 coreceptor

IMM Exam 2 (15 decks)

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