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IMM Exam 2 > Antivirals > Flashcards

Antivirals Flashcards

1
Q

acyclovir trade name

A
  • zovirax
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2
Q

acyclovir analogue of

A
  • deoxyguanosine
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3
Q

acyclovir action

A
  • chain terminator of viral DNA synthesis
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4
Q

acyclovir specificity

A
  • HSV infected cell

- viral DNA

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5
Q

how acyclovir gets into cell

A
  • unphosphorylated
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6
Q

how acyclovir becomes active

A
  • phosphorylation
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7
Q

initial step of phosphorylation accomplished by

A
  • HSV thymidine kinase

- only in cells with HSV do you get the first phosphorylation

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8
Q

acyclovir affinity

result?

A
  • greater for viral polymerase than cellular polymerase

- less cellular toxicity

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9
Q

acyclovir very affective against

A
  • HSV-1 and 2
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10
Q

acyclovir drug of choice for

A
  • HSV and VZV
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11
Q

acyclovir activity against other herpesviruses

A
  • little to no in vivo activity
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12
Q

problem with oral acyclovir

A
  • not high bioavailability
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13
Q

acyclovir options for teens and adults

A
  • valacyclovir

- famciclovir

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14
Q

type of drug for valacyclovir and famciclovir

A
  • pro drug of acyclovir
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15
Q

valacyclovir and famciclovir used for

A
  • treatment or prophylaxis
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16
Q

for really serious infections against herpes virus family

A
  • give IV acyclovir
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17
Q

by the end of the day of a coldsore, you are seeing

A
  • the inflammatory response

- little viral replication

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18
Q

ganciclovir phosphorylated by

result?

A
  • CMV kinase
  • cellular kinases
  • less specific
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19
Q

ganciclovir MOA

A
  • inhibits CMV replication
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20
Q

ganciclovir adverse effects

A
  • greater

- bone marrow toxicity

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21
Q

ganciclovir use

A
  • severe CMV infection

- HHV-6, HSV and VZV

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22
Q

valganciclovir type of drug

A
  • pro drug of ganciclovir
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23
Q

valganciclovir use

A
  • oral prophylaxis

- preemptive therapy

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24
Q

herpesvirus DNA polymerase inhibitors examples

A
  • foscarnet

- cidofovir

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25
Q

foscarnet and cidofovir effects

A
  • nephrotoxicity
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26
Q

antiviral resistance mostly due to mutations in

A
  • viral thymidine kinase

- viral polymerase

27
Q

antiviral resistance usually seen in

why?

A
  • immunocompromised patients

- much higher viral load, more antiviral agents, more changes for mutation

28
Q

segmented genome viruses

A
  • flu

- rotavirus

29
Q

antiviral drugs for influenza

A
  • amantidine (symmetrel
  • rimantadine (flumadine)
  • OSTELTAMIVIR (TAMIFLU)
  • zanamivir (relenza)
30
Q

osteltamivir (tamiflu) and zanamivir (relenza) inhibit

A
  • neuraminidase
31
Q

osteltamivir (tamiflu) and zanamivir (relenza) effective for which types of flu

A
  • A and B
32
Q

how to take zanamivir

A
  • inhaled
33
Q

problem with antiviral drugs for influenza

A
  • development of resistance
34
Q

adverse events of antiviral drugs for influenza

A
  • neuropsychiatric effects

- insomnia, “child bouncing off wall”

35
Q

function of neuraminidase

A
  • cleaves sialic acid attached to flu virus as it tries to leave the cell
36
Q

if you start tamiflu on the day that you are ill with influenza

A
  • you may have one day less with symptoms
37
Q

ribavirin type of drug

A
  • nucleoside analog
38
Q

ribavirin historically used for

A
  • aerosol treatment of patients with RSV
39
Q

ribavirin currently used for

A
  • combination therapy for Hep C
40
Q

ribavirin adverse effect

A
  • anemia
41
Q

NRTI drugs

A
  • Zidovudine
  • Abacavir
  • Lamivudine
  • Emtricitabine
  • Tenofovir

NRTI ZALET (SALAD)

42
Q

Zidovudine trade name

A
  • Retrovir

- AZT

43
Q

Zidovudine type of drug

A
  • analog of thymidine

- DNA chain elongation terminator

44
Q

Zidovudine MOA

A
  • competitive binding of RT
45
Q

Zidovudine fun fact

A
  • only drug available in IV formation
46
Q

Zidovudine serious effects

A
  • black box warnings for neutropenia
  • severe anema
  • myopathy
47
Q

Abacavir trade name

A
  • Ziagen
48
Q

Abacavir use compared to zidovudine

A
  • greater use than zidovudine
49
Q

Abacavir risk

A
  • risk of hypersensitivity reaction
50
Q

Abacavir serious effects

A
  • cardiac disease
51
Q

Lamivudine trade name

A
  • Epivivr
52
Q

Emtricitabine trade name

A
  • Emtriva
53
Q

Lamivudine and Emtricitabine common use with

A
  • zidovudine or tenofovir
54
Q

Lamivudine and Emtricitabine also effective for

A
  • Hep B
55
Q

Tenofovir trade name

A
  • Viread
56
Q

Tenofovir commonality

A
  • most common drugs in combination pills

- drug most in use

57
Q

TAF vs TDF

A
  • TAF less renal and bone toxicity than TDF
58
Q

Tenofovir also effective against

A
  • Hep B
59
Q

Lopinavir/Ritonavir trade name

A
  • Kaletra
60
Q

Lopinavir/Ritonavir MOA

A
  • protease inhibitor

- navir - is a protease inhibitor

61
Q

use of ritonavir

A
  • to boost primary drug
62
Q

Raltegravir MOA

A
  • integrase inhibitor
63
Q

Maraviroc MOA

A
  • inhibitor CCR5 coreceptor

IMM Exam 2 (15 decks)

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