Assays for Immune Function Flashcards

1
Q

CBC with diff

A
  • number of cells

- check morphology of cells

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2
Q

general markers of inflammation

A
  • ESR; erythrocyte sedimentation rate (sed rate)

- CRP; c-reactive protein

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3
Q

chemistry panel

A
  • check organ systems

- can include urinalysis

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4
Q

first step in eval of antibody deficiency/defects

A
  • measure total IgG, IgA, IgM

- check normal range

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5
Q

pattern of abnormality important for

A
  • specific immune deficiency
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6
Q

measurement of IgG subclasses and/or IgE subclasses

A
  • may be useful depending on presentation
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7
Q

when do you check IgD?

A
  • only if periodic fever

- not immune deficiency

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8
Q

next step if any antibody deficiency is confirmed

A
  • consider B cell quantitation
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9
Q

most common immune deficiency

A
  • selective IgA deficiency
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10
Q

normal quantity does not always equal

A
  • normal function
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11
Q

assays for antibody function

A
  • antibody titers to specific pathogens
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12
Q

titer to vaccine

A
  • known exposure

- diphtheria/tetanus titer

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13
Q

response to polysaccharides

A
  • pneumococcal titers in older children given the polysaccharide vaccine
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14
Q

isohemagglutinins

A
  • antibodies generated in response to polysaccharides of glut flora
  • cross react with A or B blood group erythrocyte antigens
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15
Q

low IgG levels - something to consider

A
  • protein loss as cause
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16
Q

what is always the first step

A
  • CBC with differential
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17
Q

what do you need to check if you have lymphopenia?

A
  • primary versus secondary

- which lymphocytes are low

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18
Q

use of flow cytometry important for?

A
  • quantitating lymphocytes

- can also tell what lymphocytes are present

19
Q

CD3 marker for which cell type

A
  • T cells
20
Q

CD4 marker for which cell type

A
  • helper T cells
21
Q

CD8 marker for which cell type

A
  • Cytotoxic T cells

- also 1/3 NK cells

22
Q

CD19 marker for which cell type

A
  • B cells
23
Q

CD16/56 marker for which cell type

A
  • NK cells
24
Q

limited lymphocyte markers testing

A
  • CD 3, 4, 8
25
Q

complete lymphocyte markers testing

A
  • all
26
Q

T cell function assays

A
  • in vitro assay of T cell function
27
Q

T cell function assays measure

A
  • peripheral T cell proliferation in response to varied types of stimuli
28
Q

T cell function assays use what proteins?

A
  • mitogens such as phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen
29
Q

extent of proliferation

A
  • measure the radioactivity taken up by cells
30
Q

cutaneous delayed type hypersensitivity test

A
  • class in vivo test of cellular immunity
31
Q

cutaneous delayed type hypersensitivity test - how it works

A
  • intradermal injection of antigen to which the individual has been exposed
32
Q

cutaneous delayed type hypersensitivity test - positive response requires

A
  • uptake and processing of antigen by antigen presenting cells
  • interaction with CD4 cells
  • cytokine production
  • recruitment and activation of monocytes and macrophages
33
Q

cutaneous delayed type hypersensitivity test example

A
  • PPD
34
Q

neutrophil defects initial test

A
  • CBC with differential
35
Q

neutrophil defects initial test - if neutrophils numbers are normal and a neutrophil defect is suspected

A
  • tests of function should be ordered
36
Q

how to measure neutrophil oxidative burst

A
  • nitroblue tetrazolium test (NBT)

- flow cytometry

37
Q

serum IgE

A
  • hyper IgE syndrome
38
Q

giant azurophilic granules are seen in granocytes of persons with

A
  • Chediak-Higashi syndrome
39
Q

complement defects - initial screening test

A
  • total hemolytic complement (CD50)
40
Q

total hemolytic complement measures

A
  • assessment of classical pathway
41
Q

if total hemolytic complement test significantly reduced

A
  • specific complement components can be assessed
42
Q

if total hemolytic complement test is normal but a complement deficiency is still suspected, what test do you run?

A
  • tests for AH50 - screening test for alternative pathway defects
43
Q

alternative complement deficiencies include

A
  • properdin and factor D deficiencies

- exclude mannose-binding lectin defect