Vaccines Flashcards
active immunity
- the body’s response to exposure to a potential pathogen leading to long term protective response
active immunity via
- immunization
- natural infection
- exposure
passive immunity
- created via transfer of pre-formed antibodies to an individual
passive immunization products
- pooled polyclonal antibody
- hyperimmune antibody preparations
- monoclonal antibodes
passive immunization memory
- short lived
- does not induce memory
passive immunization common uses
- when immediate protection needed
- host unable to produce adequate immune response
- no safe or effective vaccine is available to provide active immunity
exposure to rabies
- administration of rabies immune globulin (RIG)
and rabies vaccine
RIG
given where
- hyperimmune serum - passive immunity that will go away
- 1/2 dose at site where bitten
- rest into muscle
RSV monoclonal antibody given for
- given monthly to neonates
- to prevent severe RSV infection
common situations in which passive immunization is used
- protection against toxins
- use of RhoGam
- administration of IvIg
- antibody products directed against specific viral antigens
protection against toxins
- tetanus
- botulism
- diphtheria
- snake venom
polyclonal gamma immunoglobulin (IVIg) used for
- serious deficiencies of humoral immune system
use of RhoGam
- prevent Rh positives numbers from becoming sensitized to fetal Rh+ erythrocytes
- prevent hemolytic disease of fetus and newborn
RhoGam includes
- antibody against D antigen
types of vaccines
- inactivation and attenuated bacterial and viral vaccines
- purified antigen/subunit vaccines
- synthetic/recombinant vaccines
how to produce inactivated vaccines
- grow large numbers of virus or bacteria
- kill them using heat or chemical fixation
how to produce attenuated, live vaccines
- repeated passages of organism through cell culture or laboratory animals
- until non-virulent organism is isolated
protection in inactivated bacterial vaccines
- limited protection
- short lived
protection of inactivated viral vaccines
- not as good or long-lived protection
examples of inactivated viral vaccines
- inactivated flu
- rabies
- polio
protection from attenuated, live viral vaccines
- effective
- long term protection
attenuated, live viral vaccines immunity length
- may be lifelong
- booster doses are recommended for some vaccines
attenuated, live viral vaccines examples
- MMR
- VZV
- RV
- nasal flu
attenuated bacterial vaccine example
- BCG for TB