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Virology Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Is Adenoviridae a DNA or an RNA virus? What specific viruses are included in this family?

A

DNA virus; causes pediatric respiratory illnesses

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2
Q

Is Arenaviridae family DNA or RNA viruses? What specific viruses are included in this family?

A

RNA; LCMV and Lassa Fever Virus

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3
Q

Is Hepadnaviridae family DNA or RNA viruses? What specific viruses are included in this family?

A

DNA; Hepatitis B

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4
Q

Is Herpesviridae family DNA or RNA viruses? What specific viruses are included in this family?

A

DNA; Herpes B Virus, HSV-1, HSV-2, Varicella Zoster, Epstein-Barr, CMV, HHV-6, HHV-7, HHV-8

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5
Q

Is Papillomaviridae family DNA or RNA viruses? What specific viruses are included in this family?

A

DNA; HPV-1 (plantar warts), HPV-2/4 (hand warts), HPV-6/11 (genital warts)

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6
Q

Is Parvoviridae family DNA or RNA viruses? What specific viruses are included in this family?

A

DNA; Parvovirus B-19 (dogs) - fifth disease

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7
Q

Is Polyomaviridae family DNA or RNA viruses? What specific viruses are included in this family?

A

DNA

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8
Q

Is Poxviridae family DNA or RNA viruses? What specific viruses are included in this family?

A

DNA; smallpox, monkeypox, molluscum contagiosum

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9
Q

What family is the largest/most complex of all viruses?

A

Poxviridae

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10
Q

Is Astroviridae family DNA or RNA viruses? What specific viruses are included in this family?

A

RNA; Gastroenteritis

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11
Q

Is Calciviridae family DNA or RNA viruses? What specific viruses are included in this family?

A

RNA; Norovirus and sapovirus

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12
Q

Is Coronaviridae family DNA or RNA viruses? What specific viruses are included in this family?

A

RNA; SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV2

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13
Q

Is Filoviridae family DNA or RNA viruses? What specific viruses are included in this family?

A

RNA; Marburg, Ebola, Viral hemorrhagic fever

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14
Q

Is Flaviviridae family DNA or RNA viruses? What specific viruses are included in this family?

A

RNA; Yellow fever, Dengue, West Nile Virus, Zika virus, Hepatitis C

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15
Q

Is Hantaviridae family DNA or RNA viruses? What specific viruses are included in this family?

A

RNA; HPS/SNV

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16
Q

Is Hepeviridae family DNA or RNA viruses? What specific viruses are included in this family?

A

RNA; Hepatitis E

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17
Q

Is Orthomyxoviridae family DNA or RNA viruses? What specific viruses are included in this family?

A

RNA; Influenza viruses

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18
Q

Is Paramyxoviridae family DNA or RNA viruses? What specific viruses are included in this family?

A

RNA; Parainfluenza I (Croup), Mumps, Measles

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19
Q

Is Picornaviridae family DNA or RNA viruses? What specific viruses are included in this family?

A

RNA; Enterovirus, Rhinovirus, Parechovirus, Hepatitis A

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20
Q

Is Rhabdoviridae family DNA or RNA viruses? What specific viruses are included in this family?

A

RNA; Rabies

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21
Q

Is Togaviridae family DNA or RNA viruses? What specific viruses are included in this family?

A

RNA; Rubella

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22
Q

Is Pneumoviridae family DNA or RNA viruses? What specific viruses are included in this family?

A

RNA; RSV and HPMV

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23
Q

Is Reoviridae family DNA or RNA viruses? What specific viruses are included in this family?

A

RNA; Rotavirus

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24
Q

Is Retroviridae family DNA or RNA viruses? What specific viruses are included in this family?

A

RNA; HIV-1, HTLV

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25
What family of viruses is Hepatitis C found in?
Flaviviridae
26
What family of viruses is Norovirus found in?
Calciviridae
27
What family of viruses is Epstein-Barr Virus found in?
Herpesviridae
28
What family of viruses is Dengue in?
Flaviviridae
29
What family of viruses is Rabies in?
Rhabdoviridae
30
What family of viruses is RSV in?
Pneumoviridae
31
What family of viruses is Mumps and Measles found in?
Paramyxoviridae
32
What family of viruses is Rhinovirus in?
Picornaviridae
33
What family of viruses is Hepatitis A in?
Picornaviridae
34
What family of viruses is smallpox, monkeypox, and molluscum contagiosum in?
Poxviridae
35
What family of viruses is Lassa Fever Virus found in?
Arenaviridae
36
What family of viruses are the influenza viruses found in?
Orthomyxoviridae
37
What family of viruses is chicken pox/shingles found in?
Herpesviridae
38
What family of viruses is cytomegalovirus found in?
Herpesviridae
39
What family of viruses is Hepatitis B found in?
Hepadnaviridae
40
What family of viruses is Rubella found in?
Togaviridae
41
What family of viruses is Rotavirus found in?
Reoviridae
42
What family of viruses is Hepatitis E found in ?
Hepeviridae
43
What family of viruses is Zika virus found in?
Flaviviridae
44
What family of viruses is West Nile Virus found in?
Flaviviridae
45
What family of viruses is Ebola and Marburg found in ?
Filoviridae
46
What family of viruses is Enterovirus found in?
Picornaviridae
47
What family of viruses is Croup (parainfluenza 1) found in?
Paramyxoviridae
48
What family of viruses is Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/Sin Nombre Virus found in?
Hantaviridae
49
What family of viruses is Yellow Fever in?
Flaviviridae
50
What family of viruses is Sapovirus found in
Calciviridae
51
What family of viruses is LCMV found in?
Arenaviridae
52
What family of viruses is HHV-6,7, and 8 found in?
Herpesviridae
53
What family of viruses is HPV found in?
Papillomaviridae
54
What family of viruses is Parvovirus found in?
Parvoviridae
55
What family of viruses is HIV and HTLV found in?
Retroviridae
56
What family of viruses is Parechovirus found in?
Picornaviridae
57
Define a virus
Obligate intracellular parasite
58
What is viral tropism?
the ability of a given virus to infect a particular cell or number of cells
59
Which is worse; antigentic shift or antigenetic drift?
Shift
60
What are the two most common forms of a viral capsid?
Helical (spiral) or Icosahedral (20 sided)
61
3 basic properties to differentiate viruses
1. viral morphology 2. method of replication (RNA or DNA; single or double stranded) 3. Presence or absence of lipid envelope
62
What type of swabs should NOT be used for the collection of viruses?
Calcium alginate swabs; they inhibit PCR
63
What are arboviruses?
Arthropod-borne viruses
64
What are the 4 pediatric respiratory viruses?
Influenza (Orthomyxoviridae) Parainfluenza (Paramyxoviridae) RSV (Pneumoviridae) Adenoviruses (Adenoviridae)
65
What does TORCH stand for and what is it?
Toxoplasma, Other, Rubella, CMV, HSV (all testing during pregnancy - can cause transplacental infections)
66
Varicella Zoster
Varicella = chicken pox Zoster = shingles - localized to a dermatome
67
What are Serologic ELISA's most commonly used to test for in the lab?
RSV, rotavirus, and influenza
68
Capsid
protein coat surrounding the nucleic acid
69
Viral envelope
lipid coat surrounding virus
70
nucleocapsid
The nucleic acid genome surrounded by a symmetric protein coat
71
Positive sense RNA
can be immediately translated into protein by cell
72
Negative sense RNA
complementary to mRNA sequence, needs to be converted into positive sense RNA before being translated
73
How are enveloped viruses transmitted?
Via direct contact (sexual, parenteral, respiratory)
74
How are naked viruses transmitted?
Fecal-oral route
75
Are enveloped or naked viruses more susceptible to environmental destruction?
Enveloped viruses - they are more susceptible to drying and destruction Naked viruses are very resistant to environmental factors
76
What are the 6 steps of the viral infectious cycle?
1. Attachment 2. Penetration 3. Uncoating 4. Macromolecular synthesis 5. Viral assembly 6. Release
77
Acute viral infections
Evident signs and symptoms
78
Chronic viral infections
Low levels of virus are detectable ; degree of signs/symptoms varies
79
Latent viral infections
No visible signs/symptoms but virus is present
80
What are some examples of REJECTABLE specimens for viral collection?
Bacterial swabs Leaking samples Dry samples Specimens in preservative solutions for tissues Delayed transportation Wooden shaft swabs Unlabeled samples
81
How should viral specimens be stored if they are not immediately being analyzed?
4C (fridge) should not be kept at RT or higher, should never be froze
82
What are cytopathic effects (CPEs)?
Structural changes in cell morphology that take effect due to viral invasion
83
NAATs
Nucleic acid amplification tests
84
Cell culture/shell vial assays
Cell culture: takes up to 28 days to grow cell monolayer Shell vial assays: cell monolayer stained for antigens
85
When would someone get a Varicella vaccine?
Recommended for all children
86
When would someone get a Hep A vaccine?
Travelers entering areas of high endemicity
87
When would someone get a MMRvaccine?
Recommended for all children
88
Salk vaccine
First polio vaccine: dead virus
89
Sabin vaccine
Oral polio vaccine: live-attenuated virus
90
When would rabies vaccine be administered?
Following the bite of a potentially infected animal
91
When would Hep B vaccine be administered?
Newborns of infected mothers or unimmunized lab worker after needle stick
92
Hemagglutinin (HA)
Protein found on Influenza virus - Rod-shaped spikes that enable viral attachment
93
Neuraminidase (NA)
Protein found on Influenza virus - Mushroom-shaped spikes that facilitate the release of mature virions from infected cells and assist viral movement
94
What Influenzas does antigenic drift occur in?
All types of influenza
95
What Influenza viruses does antigenic shift occur in?
Influenza A only
96
Antigenic shift
Allows strains to form a completely new subtype - more dramatic change in genome and only occurs in Influenza A
97
Antigenic drift
Gradual change of viral genome, less dramatic and occurs in all Influenza subtypes
98
What groups of people are adenovirus more common in?
Military
99
How is hepatitis B transmitted?
Blood products, sharing needles
100
what is a special feature of herpes virus?
Displays latency (aka varicella zoster)
101
What cancer does EBV leaad to?
Burkitts lymphoma
102
What cancer can HPV lead to?
Cervical cancer
103
What is herpetic whitlow?
Painful blisters on fingers (HSV)
104
What is HPV associated with?
Warts
105
What types of HPV strains are we protected against with the gardasil vaccines?
HPV-16 and HPV-18
106
What disease is "slapped cheek" associated with?
Fifth disease (parvo)
107
largest viruses
monkeypox and smallpox
108
What disease causes nodules on the hand and is transmitted through direct contact with sheep?
Orf
109
Which arenavirus causes hemorrhagic fever?
Lassa Fever Virus
110
Which arenavirus is transmitted by rodents?
LCMV
111
What virus is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis on cruise ships?
Norovirus
112
What virus has a shepherds hook morphology?
Marburg
113
What viruses cause viral hemorrhagic fever?
Ebola, Marburg, Lassa Fever, Dengue
114
What kind of disease does Ebola cause?
Hemorrhagic fever
115
What is the most prevalent arbovirus in the world?
Dengue
116
What virus has the largest number of cases of viral encephalitis in the US?
West Nile Virus
117
What virus can cause pregnant women giving birth to babies with microencephaly?
Zika Virus
118
Vaccine is available for Hep C T/F
False
119
How are hantaviruses transmitted?
Rodents
120
What virus was originally discovered in the four corners of the US?
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS)
121
What can sin nombre virus/HPS lead to?
Acute respiratory failure
122
what is the most common cause of croup?
Parainfluenza 1
123
What virus causes parotitis?
Mumps
124
What virus is associated with Koplik spots?
Measles
125
Which is the simplest of RNA viruses?
Picornaviruses
126
What virus causes aseptic meningitis, paralytic polio, and encephalitis?
Enterovirus
127
What is the most common cause of aseptic meningitis?
Enterovirus
128
What virus is the cause of the common cold
Rhinovirus
129
What is the most significant cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in children?
RSV
130
What is the hallmark of RSV infection?
Host cell fusion into syncytial cells
131
What is the major cause of infantile severe gastroenteritis?
Rotavirus
132
What can rabies infection lead to? What is another name for rabies?
Viral encephalitis, AKA Lyssavirus
133
What are prions?
Misfolded proteins

Microbiology (24 decks)

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