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Microbiology > Parasitology Exam 2: Trematodes > Flashcards

Parasitology Exam 2: Trematodes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is another name for trematodes?

A

Flukes

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2
Q

Describe trematodes as a whole.

A

Platyhelminth (flatworm)
Dorsoventrally flattened
Most are hermaphroditic
Transmitted by ingestion of metacercariae (tailless encysted larvae)

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3
Q

List in order, the 4 stages that most trematodes go through in their life cycle.

A

Egg –> miracidium (free swimming larva) –> redia (cylindrical larvae) –> cercariae (tailed larva) –> metacercariae (tailless larva)

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4
Q

Name the intestinal trematodes:

A

F. buski
H. heterophyes
M. yokogawai

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5
Q

Name the liver trematodes:

A

C. sinensis
F. hepatica

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6
Q

Name the blood/body fluid trematodes:

A

S. haematobium
S. japonicum
S. mansoni

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7
Q

Name the lung trematode:

A

P. westermani

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8
Q

Which eggs are indistinguishable from F. buski?

A

F. hepatica

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9
Q

What are the reservoir and definitive hosts of F. buski?

A

Reservoir: pigs, dogs, rabbits
Definitive host: pigs and humans

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10
Q

How is F. buski transmitted?

A

Ingestion of raw water chestnuts or caltrop contaminated with infected feces

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11
Q

What is the infective/diagnostic stage of F. buski?

A

Infective: ingestion of metacercariae on water chestnuts/plant

Diagnostic: eggs in feces

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12
Q

How is H. heterophyes transmitted?

A

Ingestion of raw, pickled, or inadequately cooked fish

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13
Q

What is the diagnostic/infective stage of H. heterophyes?

A

Infective: ingestion of metacercariae in undercooked fish
Diagnostic: eggs in stool

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14
Q

Which eggs are H. heterophyes’ eggs indistinguishable from?

A

M. yokogawai

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15
Q

What is the smallest human fluke?

A

M. yokogawai

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16
Q

What is the most common intestinal fluke infection in the far east?

A

M. yokogawai

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17
Q

How is M. yokogawai transmitted?

A

Ingestion of raw/undercooked fish

18
Q

What is the intermediate hosts of M. yokogawai and H. heterophyes?

A

snails and freshwater fish

19
Q

In which form are intestinal flukes accidentally ingested by humans?

A

Metacercariae

20
Q

Which is the chinese liver fluke? Which is the sheep liver fluke?

A

C. sinensis = chinese liver fluke
F. hepatica = sheep liver fluke

21
Q

Where do adult liver flukes live?

A

Biliary ducts

22
Q

How to prevent liver fluke infections?

A

Ensure that fish and aquatic vegetation are properly cooked

23
Q

What is the definitive and intermediate hosts of C. sinensis?

A

Definitive: humans
Intermediate: snails/fish

24
Q

Describe the life cycle of C. sinensis.

A
  1. eggs ingested by snail
  2. cercariae leave snail and enter water
  3. cercariae penetrate fish
  4. metacercariae develop in fish
  5. undercooked fish consumed
  6. metacercariae encyst in the duodenum and travel to bile duct to mature into adults
25
Q

What is notable about C. sinensis eggs?

A

HEAVILY shouldered operculum with a small knob at the end opposite of the operculum

26
Q

Lab ID of C. sinensis

A

Eggs in feces

27
Q

Describe the life cycle of F. hepatica

A

Miracidia invade a snail intermediate host
Metacercariae on aquatic vegetation
Humans ingest raw water chestnuts
Metacercariae encyst in duodenum and into the peritoneal cavity

28
Q

Lab ID of F. hepatica

A

Eggs in feces

29
Q

What is special about F. hepatica eggs?

A

Operculated
Indistinguishable from F. buski eggs
Not as heavily operculated as C. sinensis

30
Q

Transmission of P. westermani?

A

Ingestion of uncooked crabs, crayfish, freshwater shrimp, mussels

31
Q

Describe the life cycle of P. westermani

A

Adult worms encapsulated in the lungs produce eggs
Eggs coughed up and swallowed
Excreted in feces
Enter snail host
Enter crab/crayfish
Raw or undercooked crab/crayfish consumed

32
Q

Lab ID of P. westermani

A

ID of eggs in stool or sputum

33
Q

What is notable about eggs of P. westermani?

A

Operculated with shoulders
Thick-shelled on the end opposite of the operculum

34
Q

What are Charcot-Leyden crystals?

A

Slender, pointed crystals made of an eosinophil protein that may be seen in sputum or lung tissue specimens of patients w/ parasitic infections

Associated with P. westermani

35
Q

What is different about the blood/body fluid flukes from other flukes?

A

Adult schistosomes are NOT flattened
Separate male and female worms present (NOT hermaphroditic)

36
Q

What organisms cause the disease schistosomiasis/bilharziasis/snail fever?

A

Schistosoma spp.

37
Q

How are Schistosoma spp. transmitted?

A

Fecal/urine contamination of small bodies of water that favor the growth of snail hosts

38
Q

What is different about the life cycle of Schistosoma from other flukes?

A

No encysted stage
Infective stage is cercaria

39
Q

Which Schistosoma spp. causes urinary schistosomiasis?

A

S. haematobium

40
Q

Which Schistosoma spp. causes hepatointestinal disease (enlarged spleen and liver)?

A

S. japonicum

41
Q

Lab ID of Schistosoma spp.

A

ID of eggs in feces (S. japonicum/S. mansoni)
ID of eggs in urine (S. haematobium)

42
Q

Differentiate the eggs between the Schistosoma spp.

A

S. haematobium egg: found in urine, terminal spine

S. japonicum egg: found in stool, with a small inconspicuous lateral spine

S. mansoni egg: LARGE lateral spine, found in stool

Microbiology (24 decks)

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