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Microbiology > Bacteriology Exam 8 (Legionella, Campy, Pasturella, Bartonella, HACEK) > Flashcards

Bacteriology Exam 8 (Legionella, Campy, Pasturella, Bartonella, HACEK) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the causative agent of Pontiac Fever/Legionnaire’s Disease?

A

Legionella pneumophila

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2
Q

What is required for Legionella to grow?

A

Iron, L-cysteine, branched-chain fatty acids, and ubiquinones that is buffered to pH 6.9

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3
Q

Legionella: motile or non motile?

A

Motile

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4
Q

Legionella: temperature requirements

A

mesophilic (will grow at 20 to 42 C)

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5
Q

Legionella: oxygen requirements

A

obligate aerobe

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6
Q

T/F: Legionella will grow on routine media

A

false

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7
Q

Which bacteria discussed from this unit is associated with running, free-flowing water at warmer temperatures?

A

Legionella

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8
Q

What is the primary means of transmission for Legionella?

A

Inhalation and aspiration of infectious aerosols (does not transmit from person to person)

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9
Q

What is the difference between Legionnaire’s disease and pontiac fever?

A

Pontiac fever is a febrile disease without pulmonary involvement, unlike legionnaire’s disease, which causes pneumonia. Pontiac fever is not as big of a deal , but can lead to legionnaire’s disease.

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10
Q

What media is required for Legionnaire to grow? What growth conditions?

A

BCYE at 35-37C with increased humidity

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11
Q

What will Legionella look like on BCYE agar?

A

BCYE agar is black and Legionella will be gray-white with ground glass appearance in 3-4 days

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12
Q

How can you identify L. pneumophila versus other Legionella species?

A

L. pneumophila will NOT fluoresce under UV light, while other species WILL.

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13
Q

Legionella gram stain

A

Small, GNCB or GNR with weak staining and may require extended safranin counterstain

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14
Q

Legionella: catalase, oxidase, beta lactamase

A

Weakly cat pos
Weakly ox pos
B lactamase pos

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15
Q

How are patients diagnosed with Legionellosis?

A

A fourfold (4X) rise in anti-Legionella antibody with an IFA; serum specimens should be tested no closer than 2 weeks apart

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16
Q

Helicobacter are strongly _______ positive. What color is this reaction?

A

Urease; HOT PINK

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17
Q

Gram stain for Helicobacter

A

Curved/Helical/Spiral/Fusiform GNR

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18
Q

Where is helicobacter pylori’s primary habitat?

A

Human gastric mucosa

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19
Q

H. pylori motility

A

Motile

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20
Q

How does H. pylori survive the low stomach pH?

A

Produces urease that hydrolyzes ammonia to significantly increase the stomach pH to protect it from acidic environment

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21
Q

H. pylori infections predispose infected patients to develop ____________ and _____________.

A

peptic ulcer disease and gastric carcinoma

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22
Q

What protein does H. pylori produce that enables it to invade the gastric epithelium?

A

CagA

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23
Q

T/F: Fecal specimens can be used for routine culture of gastric helicobacters

A

FALSE; fecal specimens can only be used for stool antigen tests. For culture, we need gastric acid or tissue biopsy of the stomach

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24
Q

What can be used for the presumptive ID of H. pylori?

A

Typical gram stain morphology, positive results for ox and cat, rapidly urease positive

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25
Q

What is the urea breath test and what organism can it help to identify?

A

Person drinks C14 or C13 labeled drink and then their exhaled breath is tested for C14/C13 labeled CO2 indicating the presence of H pylori

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26
Q

T/F: H. pylori antibodies are formed during infection

A

True; but they are not protective

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27
Q

Can H. pylori grow on routine culture?

A

only on CHOC and it must be incubated in increased humidity; may take up to 7 days to grow

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28
Q

T/F: Helicobacter does not cause diarrhea.

A

TRUE

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29
Q

H. pylori oxygen requirements

A

microaerophilic

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30
Q

What parts of the body is H. pylori associated with versus Campy?

A

H. pylori –> stomach and duodenum
Campy –> small and large intestines

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31
Q

Helicobacter colonies

A

small, translucent, circular colonies or swarming phenotypes

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32
Q

Bartonella gram stain

A

Short GN pleomorphic CB or R

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33
Q

Bartonella ox and cat

A

ox neg
cat neg

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34
Q

Bartonella will grow on?

A

BAP and CHOC

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35
Q

What can Bartonella sp. cause?

A

bacterial endocarditis

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36
Q

What does Bartonella henselae cause?

A

Cat Scratch Fever

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37
Q

What does Bartonella bacilliformis cause?

A

Oroya Fever / Carion Disease

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38
Q

What does Bartonella quintana cause?

A

Trench Fever

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39
Q

What organism is a facultative intracellular bacterium?

A

Bartonella

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40
Q

What is the disease progression of a Bartonella infection?

A

Proliferation of microvascular endothelial cells and angiogenesis (forming new capillaries from preexisting ones)

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41
Q

What vectors are associated with B. henselae?

A

cat, flea

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42
Q

What vectors are associated with B. quintana?

A

louse

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43
Q

What vectors are associated with B. clarridgeiae?

A

cat, flea

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44
Q

What vectors are associated with B. vinsonii ssp. vinsonii?

A

voles, ear mites

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45
Q

What vectors are associated with B. vinsonii ssp. arupensis?

46
Q

What vectors are associated with B. bacilliformis?

47
Q

B. bacilliformis causes Oroya fever/Carion disease. What does this disease cause?

A

Acute hemolytic bacteremia (oroya fever) causing febrile anemia with intravascular hemolysis.

Chronic vasoproliferative disease (carrion disease) causing verruga development on the body

48
Q

B. quintana causes trench fever. What does this disease cause?

A

Mild influenza-like headache and bone pain to splenomegaly and a short-lived maculopapular rash

49
Q

B. henselae causes Cat Scratch Fever. What does this disease cause?

A

Papule/pustule at primary inoculation site and progresses into regional lymphadenopathy within 3 weeks

50
Q

Where is Bartonella typically recovered from?

A

Tissue (cutaneous lesions or lymph nodes) or blood

51
Q

Anthroponotic bartonellosis vs zoonotic

A

anthroponotic - humans as reservoirs
zoonotic - animals as reservoirs

52
Q

Pasteurella spp: motility and oxidase?

A

non-motile, ox pos

53
Q

Does Pasteurella spp grow on MAC?

54
Q

Pasteurella epidemiology

A

Zoonotic disease that is normal flora in domestic and wild animals – transmission to humans occurs via animal bites

55
Q

What is the most relevant sp of Pasteurella?

A

P. multicoda

56
Q

What disease can P. multicoda cause?

A

Respiratory diseases and systemic diseases such as endocarditis and septicemia

57
Q

What are some suggestive clues that you might have Pasteurella infection?

A

GNR, no growth on MAC, wound from dog/cat bite

58
Q

How can Pasteurella be differentiated from Haemophilus species?

A

Pasteurella has CO2 independence and growth on BAP

59
Q

How can P. multicoda be differentiated from other Pasteurella species?

A

P. multicoda is negative for urease and positive for indole and ornithine decarboxylase

60
Q

P. multicoda normal flora found?

A

respiratory flora of birds and mammals. zoonotic to humans through bites from cat/dog

61
Q

P. multicoda: hemolysis, oxidase, indole, catalase, grows on, motility, smell

A

Nonhemolytic
Oxidase pos
Indole pos
Catalase pos
Grows on BAP
nonmotile
smells musty

62
Q

What is the most common cause of diarrhea in the US?

A

Campylobacter

63
Q

Does Campy have a low or high ID50?

A

Low ID50; small amount to cause disease

64
Q

How do you typically get infected with Campy? (what is it associated with?)

A

Eating raw or undercooked chicken and seafood

65
Q

What 3 main diseases does Campy cause in humans?

A

Febrile systemic disease
Periodontal disease
Gastroenteritis (most common)

66
Q

Campy normal flora?

A

Normal flora in poultry, cats, dogs, sheep/cattle

67
Q

Gram stain of Campy?

A

Curved, GNR resembling seagull wings/S shaped

68
Q

Growing conditions for Campy

A

Microaerophilic and capnophilic environment (5-10%O2, 10% CO2, 85%N2) at 42C

69
Q

Campy: motility, oxidase, catalase and sugar fermenting

A

darting motility
non-fermenting
ox pos
catalase pos

70
Q

What Campy species are associated with gastroenteritis? Sepsis?

A

Gastroenteritis: C. jejuni (most common), C. coli, C. lari

Sepsis: C. fetus

71
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Campy infection

A

Non bloody diarrhea
Symptoms occurring 2-10 days after ingestion
Fever N/V

72
Q

What two medias are used to culture Campy?

A

Campy-BA – blood containing media with antibiotics that suppress the growth of normal fecal flora, used to isolate C. jejunie
CCDA – blood free media supporting growth of most Campy species

73
Q

How can C. jejuni be differentiated from other Campy species?

A

Positive sodium hippurate hydrolysis, while others are negative

74
Q

How can C. fetus be differentiated from other Campy species?

A

C. fetus is incapable of 42C growth, it will grow at 25C

75
Q

C. jejuni and C. coli: Resistant or susceptible to NA and Cephalothin?

A

C. jejuni: S to NA and R to Cephalothin

76
Q

C. fetus: Resistant or susceptible to NA and Cephalothin?

A

R to NA and S to Cephalothin

77
Q

C. lari: Resistant or susceptible to NA and Cephalothin?

78
Q

Differentiating Campy species: which will grow at 42C?

A

All except C. fetus

79
Q

Presumptive ID of Campy?

A
  • Curved seagull wing GNR
  • Ox pos
  • Cat pos
  • Darting motility
  • Growth temps
80
Q

Where are you most likely to isolate Campy?

A

Stool or blood

81
Q

Where are you most likely to isolate Pasteurella?

82
Q

HACEK organism growth requirements and what they will grow on

A

Capnophiles (require CO2 for growth) and facultative anaerobes at 35C
Will NOT grow on MAC, grow on CHOC and BAP

83
Q

HACEK general epidemiology?

A

Normal flora of nasopharynx and oral cavity and GI tract of humans and other animals

84
Q

What HACEK organisms are associated with bacterial endocarditis and soft tissue infections?

A

Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium, Kingella

85
Q

What HACEK organisms are associated with sepsis and patients with neutropenia?

A

Capnocytophaga

86
Q

What HACEK organisms are associated with dog/cat/animal bites causing DIC, renal failure, shock, and HUS?

A

Capnocytophaga

87
Q

What HACEK organisms are associated with endocarditis from periodontal disease complication?

A

Cardiobacterium

88
Q

What HACEK organism is associated with Osteoarthritis in children?

89
Q

What antibiotics are HACEK patients normally treated with?

A

Beta lactams

90
Q

Gram stain of Actinobacillus?

A

Bipolar staining resembling dots and dashes of morse code

91
Q

What does Actinobacillus cause?

A

granulomatous disease in animals

92
Q

What organism has a distinctive four to six pointed star formation in the center of the colonies when cultured?

A

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans

93
Q

T/F: Actinobacillus is part of HACEK

94
Q

What does actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans cause?

A

subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE)

95
Q

How to differentiate Aggregatibacter aphrophilus from Haemophilus?

A

A. aphrophilus does not require X or V factors for growth

96
Q

How do you differentiate actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans from aggregatibacter aphropholus?

A

Actinobacillus is catalase positive and negative for lactose and indole

97
Q

What HACEK organism may cause pitting of the agar but does NOT smell like bleach (such as Eikenella)?

A

Cardiobacterium hominis

98
Q

Cardiobacterium hominis gram stain?

A

GNR with a rounded end and tapered end, resembling a tear drop in the formations of rosettes

99
Q

Cardiobacterium hominis indole, catalase, oxidase?

A

Indole positive
Oxidase positive
Catalase negative

100
Q

What disease can Kingella cause in immunocompromised and children?

A

Osteomyelitis
Septic arthritis
Endocarditis

101
Q

How can Kingella kingae be differentiated from other Kingella sp.?

A

Kingella kingae is beta hemolytic, others are not

102
Q

What agar can be used to selectively isolate Kingella ap?

103
Q

Kingella gram stain

A

Short coccobacilli with squared off ends and may appear gram variable

104
Q

How can we differentiate Kingella from Neisseria?

A

Kingella is catalase negative

105
Q

How can we differentiate K. denitrificans and N. gonorrhoeae?

A

Body site - mouth vs genitals
Nitrate reduction + for K. denitrificans

106
Q

What is Capnocytophagia associated with?

107
Q

Capnocytophagia motility

A

GLIDING motility

108
Q

Capnocytophagia gram stain

A

GN fusiform shaped

109
Q

Presumptive ID Capnocytophagia

A

Fusiform GNR
Gliding motility
Yellow-orange pigment

110
Q

C. canimorsus oxidase

A

pos; other species are neg

111
Q

How is Klebsiella granulomatis diagnosed clinically and what does it cause?

A

Giemsa or Wright staining of infected tissue - will reveal groups of organisms seen inside macrophages (Donovan bodies)
Causes granuloma inguinale or Donovanosis

112
Q

What is the most common cause of genital ulcers in India, New Guinea, South America, and the Caribbean?

A

Klebsiella granulomatis

Microbiology (24 decks)

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