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Microbiology > Bacteriology Exam 7 (Neisseria, Haemophilus, Other) > Flashcards

Bacteriology Exam 7 (Neisseria, Haemophilus, Other) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main pathogen of Haemophilus species?

A

H. influenzae

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2
Q

Haemophilus growth conditions

A

Facultative anaerobes at 35-37C with 5-7% CO2

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3
Q

Normal flora vs non-normal flora Haemophilus

A

Normal flora: H. influenzae, H. parainfluenzae
Never normal: H. ducreyi (STD)

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4
Q

Where are common infection sites for Haemophilus?

A

Ear, sinus, bronchitis, pneumonia, conjunctivitis

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5
Q

What is the Haemophilus sp. that causes STD and is never normal flora?

A

H. ducreyi

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6
Q

What is Factor V and what is Factor X?

A

Factor V is NAD
Factor X is Hemin

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7
Q

Haemophilus: Non-motile or motile?

A

Non-motile

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8
Q

Haemophilus gram stain

A

Pleomorphic GNR (coccobacillus or short GNR)

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9
Q

Haemophilus: oxidase and catalase

A

oxidase pos
catalase pos

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10
Q

T/F: Haemophilus will grow on SBA.

A

False; only on CHOC. This is why extra colonies seen on CHOC and no other plates should be suspicious for Haemophilus.

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11
Q

What 2 Haemophilus are beta hemolytic?

A

H. haemolyticus and H. parahaemolyticus

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12
Q

Haemophilus will not grow on Sheep blood agar, but which blood agars can they grow on and why?

A

Horse and Rabbit blood agars because X and V factors are readily available

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13
Q

Why will satellitism allow Haemophilus to grow on SBA?

A

S. aureus/S. pneumoniae/Neisseria have V factor as a product of their metabolism, so streaking this will allow Haemophilus to use Factor V to grow, and SBA already has X factor

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14
Q

How does the porphyrin test help us to identify Haemophilus species?

A

H. parainfluenzae is positive (red/orange color) - contains porphobilinogen and can synthesize heme which is why it only requires factor V to grow

H. influenzae is negative - needs both X and V given to it to grow

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15
Q

Which Haemophilus species are porphyrin test positive? What does this mean?

A

H. parainfluenzae and H. parahaemolyticus - they can synthesize heme meaning they only need factor V to grow

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16
Q

What Haemophilus species only need factor V to grow?

A

H. parainfluenzae
H. parahaemolyticus

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17
Q

What Haemophilus species only need factor X to grow?

A

H. ducreyi

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18
Q

What Haemophilus species need both factor X and factor V to grow?

A

H. influenzae
H. haemolyticus
H. aegyptius

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19
Q

Rapid NH test MacFarland

A

3.0 MacFarland (heavier because fastidious)

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20
Q

What does Haemophilus influenzae smell like on agar?

A

Mousy or bleachlike

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21
Q

T/F: Haemophilus influenzae is considered normal flora.

A

True

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22
Q

What can Haemophilus influenzae cause?

A

Ear infections, sinusitis, conjunctivitis, bacteremia

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22
Q

What can Haemophilus influenzae nonencapsulated/non-typeable strains cause?

A

Localized infections - Ear infections, sinusitis, conjunctivitis, bacteremia or bronchitis/pneumonia in older patients

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23
Q

What can Haemophilus influenzae encapsulated/typeable strains cause?

A

More serious/more invasive infections - meningitis, septic arthritis, pneumonia, cellulitis, epiglottitis

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24
Q

T/F: Haemophilus parainfluenzae is normal flora.

A

True; most haemophilus sp. normal flora is this species

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25
Q

What can Haemophilus parainfluenzae cause?

A

Rare endocarditis following dental procedures

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26
Q

What is the causative agent of “pink eye”?

A

H. aegyptius

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27
Q

What can H. aegyptius cause?

A

Pink eye, Brazilian Purpuric Fever

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28
Q

What does H. ducreyi cause?

A

Chancroid STD - Genital Ulcer Disease

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29
Q

What does H. ducreyi look like under a microscope?

A

School of fish or railroad tracks gram stain

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30
Q

What species uses the Quad Plate and what is it?

A

Haemophilus - four quadrants (I has X only, II has V only, III has X and V, and IV with horse blood to look at hemolysis)

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31
Q

Neisseria gram stain/wet mount

A

kidney bean shaped, gram neg diplococci, non-motile (may also be seen inside of WBCs)

32
Q

What are the two major pathogens of interest in Neisseria sp.?

A

N. gonorrhea and N. meningitidis

33
Q

T/F: N. gonorrhoeae is the second most commonly reported STD in the US

A

True

34
Q

Where can Neisseria sp. be found?

A

Mucous membranes of respiratory and urogenital tracts

35
Q

T/F: N. meningitidis can be considered normal flora.

A

True

36
Q

What does N. meningitidis cause?

A

Fatal bacterial meningitis in children or IMD

37
Q

What collection procedures are unacceptable for Neisseria and why?

A

Cotton tipped/wooden swabs and calcium alginate swabs because they can be inhibitory

38
Q

What agars are ideal for Neisseria recovery?

A

MTM and Martin Lewis Agar, CHOC

39
Q

What conditions do N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis grow best in?

A

capnophilic conditions (3-7% CO2) with high humidity 35-37C

40
Q

Neisseria oxidase/catalase

A

Pos

41
Q

N. gonorrhoae sites of infection

A

Columnar/transitional epithelial cells of humans - can cause disseminated infections such as arthritis in the knees

42
Q

N. gonorrhoeae is more like to show symptoms in males or females?

A

Males

43
Q

Disseminated Gonococcal Infection

A

Purulent arthritis and rare septicemia, can be found in synovial fluid causing arthritis

44
Q

What is in MTM that allows for Neisseria to be selected for?

A

Vancomycin - inhibits GP
Colistin - inhibits GNR
Nystatin - Antifungal
Trimethoprim - stops Proteus

45
Q

What diseases can N. meningitidis cause?

A

Disease only occurs when normal flora spreads to sterile body site - can cause meningitis, bacteremia, pneumonia, Waterhouse Frederichsen Syndrome

46
Q

Neisseria A strain is associated with what?
Neisseria B strain?

A

A - pandemics
B - community acquired disease in the US

47
Q

Signs/Symptoms of meningitis

A

Fever, frontal headache, stiff neck, photophobia

48
Q

What is Waterhouse Frederichsen Syndrome? What causes it?

A

Hemorrhage into adrenal glands caused by N. meningitidis

49
Q

Neisseria weaveri

A

Normal oral flora in dogs, can be infected through a dog bite

50
Q

What sugars can N. gonorrhoeae metabolize for the rapid NH test?

A

Only glucose

51
Q

What sugars can N. meningitidis metabolize for the rapid NH test?

A

Glucose and maltose

52
Q

What sugars can N. lactamica metabolize for the rapid NH test?

A

Glucose, maltose, and lactose

53
Q

What sugars can N. sicca metabolize for the rapid NH test?

A

Glucose, maltose, and sucrose

54
Q

How can M. catarrhalis be differentiated from Neisseria?

A

M. catarrhalis does not metabolize any sugars and it is also DNase positive.

55
Q

Special features of Achromobacter

A

Aerobic, non-fermenting, gram-negative, nonsporulating, mostly motile GNR with peritrichous flagella

56
Q

Achromobacter is an ________ opportunistic pathogen.

A

Environmental

57
Q

What will Achromobacter/Rhizobacter grow on?

A

BAP/CHOC/MAC/THIO/BHI

58
Q

What Achromobacter has been recovered from patients with cystic fibrosis?

A

xylosoxidans

59
Q

Achromobacter Approach to ID: catalase, oxidase, indole, morphology, motility

A

Catalase pos
Oxidase pos
Indole neg
Flat, spreading, non-pigmented with feathery edge
Fruity odor
Motile

60
Q

Achromobacter xylosoxidans special features

A

Common cause of ear infections
Reduces nitrate to nitrite
Oxidizes xylose and glucose
Grows on cetrimide agar
Grows at 42C
Resistant to aminoglycosides

61
Q

Rhizobacterium epidemiology

A

Environmental opportunistic pathogen; exposure to contaminated medical devices mostly seen in cystic fibrosis patients

62
Q

Notable features of the genus Alcaligenes

A

Oxidase positive, Catalase positive, non-glucose utilizers, NLF, GNR, motile with peritrichous flagella

63
Q

Alcaligenes epidemiology

A

Environmental opportunistic pathogen recovered from CF patients from contaminated medical devices

64
Q

Alcaligenes faecalis notable features

A

Produces a sweet odor reminiscent of juicy fruit or apple cider, slightly alpha hemolytic

65
Q

T/F: Eikenella can grow on MAC

A

FALSE

66
Q

T/F: Eikenella is a member of HACEK

A

TRUE

67
Q

What is HACEK?

A

Group of bacteria known to cause subacute bacterial endocarditis in immunocompromised patients

68
Q

Eikenella corrodens epidemiology

A

Normal microbiota of the human oral cavity associated with periodontitis and complications with dental procedures; recovered from human bites known as “clenched-fist wounds”

69
Q

What group of patients are more at risk for Eikenella infections?

A

Diabetic patients because of the daily microtrauma to their skin

70
Q

The most recognizable feature of E. corrodens towards Identification:

A

Bleachlike odor with colonies that pit the agar and demonstrates slight yellow hue after several days
Does not utilize any carbohydrates
Ox positive
Catalase neg
Reduces nitrate to nitrite
Hydrolyzes ornithine and lysine

71
Q

T/F: Moraxella grows well on MAC

A

FALSE

72
Q

Moraxella gram stain

A

Coccobacilli or short GNR that may appear gram-variable

73
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis epidemiology

A

Normal microbiota of the upper resp tract; occasionally colonizes female genital tract

74
Q

What diseases can Moraxella catarrhalis cause in children?

A

Sinusitis, otitis media, conjunctivitis, URI, pneumonia

75
Q

ID of M. catarrhalis

A

Ox pos
Cat pos
GNCB
B-lactamase pos
Negative for all carb fermentation
Hockey puck consistency on agar

76
Q

What is the purpose of butyrate esterase testing? What organism is this useful for? What does a positive reaction look like?

A

Used for the ID of M. catarrhalis; Positive reaction is blue if they possess the enzyme butyrate esterase

77
Q

How to differentiate M. catarrhalis from Neisseria sp.

A

M. cat is DNase positive
Neisseria is DNase negative
M. cat also does not utilize ANY sugars

Microbiology (24 decks)

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