Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Medicine I > Viral infectious diseases > Flashcards

Viral infectious diseases Flashcards

1
Q

How does rhinovirus present?

A

non-specific URI symptoms: fever, malaise, sneezing, nasal congestion (WATERY), sore throat, hoarseness, cough, may have lymphadenopathy
Usually 10 days or less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What would you find on a PE of rhinovirus?

A

inflamed mucosal surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What would you recommend for management of rhinovirus?

A

supportive care! saline wash, NSAIDs, rest, fluids, decongestants, cough suppressants for over 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do you NEVER GIVE to kids with a virus?

A

aspirin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does giving a kid aspirin with a virus put them at risk for?

A

Reye syndrome = rapid liver failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the different types of influenza and how do they differ?

A

A, B, and C
A - mammals
B&C - just humans! with C being more mild

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the presentation of influenza?

A

sudden onset of fever, chills, malaise, headache, myalgias especially in the lower extremities and back. May have URI symptoms - sore throat, enlarged cervical nodes, congestion, non productive cough
May have GI symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which flu commonly has GI symptoms?

A

Type B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Who is at risk for serious complications of influenza?

A

asthmatics, nursing home residents, >65, comorbidities, pregnancies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What may you see upon PE of an influenza patient?

A

May have rales, rhonchi, wheezing. Be aware that consolidation = complication of pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How can you diagnose influenza?

A

rapid nasal tests, CBC, PCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When should you suspect a secondary bacterial infection from influenza?

A

> 4 days with a productive cough and WBC>10k

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do you manage influenza?

A

Flu A/B: Oral oseltamivir (NO FOR RISK OF GI BLEEDING)
oral baloxavir (NO pregnancy, <5, immunocomp)
inhaled zanamivir (NO asthma, small children)
IV peramivir (NO children)
chemoprophylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When is chemoprophylaxis a good option for influenza?

A

early on. Not really beneficial after 48 hours of onset.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

REVIEW: herpes simplex virus

A

cold sores, genital herpes, can have neuralgia, regional lymphadenopathy, treat with anti-virals! consider recommending sunscreen and condoms!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Does herpes simplex virus have a risk of congenital defect with birth?

A

YES. It is the H in TORCH and infants are at risk for complications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are good diagnosis tools for herpes simplex (and other herpes as well)?

A

fluorescent antibody, viral culture, PCR, Tzanck smear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

REVIEW: varicella

A

trunk –> outwards, “dew drop on a rose petal”, highly pruritic!!! and make sure to isolate patient, consider mitts, and symptomatic treatment!
acyclovir >12 years, calamine lotion for itching, antihistamines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Is varicella dangerous in pregnancy?

A

YES. Can cause congenital abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

REVIEW: herpes zoster

A

unilateral along a dermatome of vesicular rash, prodromal tingling, numbness. If involves eyes, REFER. Antivirals!! Corticosteroids can help with lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How do you manage post-herpetic neuralgia?

A

gabapentin, lidocaine, tricyclic antidepressants, capsaicin cream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

REVIEW: HPV

A

warts!! Can be reactivated with smoking, hormonal changes. Can cause cancer
Treat with salicylic acid, cryotherapy, imiquimod, excision, podophyllum resin for men in genital area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How does EBV present?

A

fever, sore throat, fatigue, malaise, anorexia, myalgia. potentially maculopapular rash similar to hives or petechiae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What happens if EBV is treated with amoxicillin?

A

diffuse erythematous rash develops in 80% of cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

In what age group is EBV most common?

A

12-19

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is EBV?

A

herpes virus 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What would you see on PE of EBV?

A

pharynx – enlarged tonsils, exudate, petechiae
Lymphadenopathy
Uvular edema
Splenomegaly (50%), hepatomegaly (10-20%), urticarial/maculopapular (5-15%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How can you diagnose EBV?

A

monospot (heterophile test), IgM antibody (IgG will persist for life)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How do you manage EBV?

A

NO contact sports for 4 weeks due to risk of splenic rupture
supportive - fluids, NSAIDs, rest
resolves in 2-4 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the presentation of mumps?

A

prodrome of fever, malaise, body aches followed in 48 hours with parotid tenderness, facial edema (1 before another), may involve salivary glands
7-10 days after onset: post-puberty of fever, testicular pain/swelling, erythema of scrotum (men), lower abdominal pain, fever, vomiting (women)

31
Q

For unvaccinated individuals of mumps, what more severe involvements can occur?

A

involvement of testes, pancreas, meninges

32
Q

What is the leading cause of pancreatitis in children?

A

mumps

33
Q

What is the virus of mumps?

A

paramyxovirus

34
Q

How do you diagnose mumps?

A

test serum amylase (elevated), mild kidney injury, elevated IgM, swab the gland

35
Q

When should you consider admission for mumps?

A

trismus, meningitis, encephalitis, myocarditis, severe abdominal pain, vomiting (pancreatitis), testicular pain, thrombocytopenia

36
Q

How do you manage mumps?

A

isolate until swelling subsides (~9 days), bed rest during febrile period

symptomatic treatment, topical cool compresses, pain management

37
Q

REVIEW: erythema infectiosum

A

5th’s disease, slapped cheek appearance, truncal symmetric rash –> extremities, distinctive lacy, reticulated rash
“Parvrovirus B19”, IgM antibody to parvrovirus supportive care, contagious only before rash

38
Q

What is the greatest risk with erythema infectiosum?

A

miscarriage

39
Q

What are adult specific erythema infectiosum symptoms?

A

mylagia, arthralgias/arthritis, coryza, HA, GI upset

40
Q

REVIEW: roseola

A

high fever>40 with abrupt onset URI symptoms, congestion, cough, N/V, diarrhea, rose-colored rash, TRUNK–> extremities, infants, type 6 and 7, supportive treatment!

41
Q

What’s associated with 1/3 of febrile seizures?

A

roseola (6th’s disease)

42
Q

REVIEW: rubeola

A

prodromal 3 Cs followed by brick red macular rash starting face and going down, can be confluent, Koplik spots, “paramyxovirus”, supportive treatment, Vitamin A, isolate for 4 days after rash onset

43
Q

Do you report measles?

A

Yes. and rubella.

44
Q

REVIEW: rubella

A

can be asymptomatic, if not, fever, malaise, LYMPHADENOPATHY, forehead down rash with rapid progression, Forchheimer spots, “Togavirus”, supportive treatment!

45
Q

What is the presentation of cytomegalovirus?

A

mainly asymptomatic or acute fever, malaise, myalgias, arthralgias, splenomegaly, rash is common (esp with amoxicillin), ~7-8 weeks

46
Q

Who are at risk for cytomegalovirus?

A

older age, lower socioeconomic status, employed in child-care, sexual partners/ Hx of STIs

47
Q

How can cytomegalovirus be spread?

A

sexual contact, breastfeeding, blood products.. C IN TORCH. Congenital risk!

48
Q

What can be associated with hospitalization and death in critically ill?

A

cytomegalovirus

49
Q

How do you diagnose cytomegalovirus?

A

abnormal liver tests, detect with IgM, IgG… LOTS OF COMPLICATIONS

50
Q

How do you treat cytomegalovirus?

A

supportive or for immunocompromised: PO valganciclovir or IV ganciclovir; monitor meds for kidney dysfunction risk and continued until CD4 is in range

51
Q

What is the presentation of congenital cytomegalovirus?

A

hearing loss in more than 50% of infants, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, microcephaly, mental retardation, motor disability

can spread from mom!

52
Q

Where can pregnant women get cytomegalovirus?

A

their young other children that attend day care

53
Q

How do you diagnose CMV?

A

any moms with high risk exposure – baseline CMV serology and repeat
Congenital is confirmed with amniotic fluid test or IgM assay, infants with PCR

54
Q

How do you treat congenital CMV?

A

IV ganciclovir or valganciclovir for 6 months to improve hearing/developmental outcomes

anti-retroviral therapy in HIV patients

55
Q

What is the presentation of rabies?

A

Hx of animal bite and prodrome, pain, fever, malaise, HA, N/V, sensitive to temp change, followed by 10 days after of CNS symptoms like delirium, laryngeal spasms, hyperventilation, seizures, paralysis leading to coma and death

56
Q

What causes rabies?

A

viral encephalitis from infected saliva “rhabdovirus” from animal bite

57
Q

How do you diagnose rabies?

A

fluorescent antibody testing of skin biopsy material of brain stem, cerebellum, saliva PCR
CALL HEALTH DEPT

58
Q

How do you manage rabies?

A

post-exposure prophylaxis is almost 100% effected, active rabies = intensive care of airway management oxygen control…seizures, death inevitable

59
Q

What is the presentation of West Nile virus?

A

acute fever and flu-like symptoms with risk of meningitis, encephalitis (AMS, tremor, seizure, CNP, pathologic reflexis, paralysis)

60
Q

Who are at risk for West Nile virus?

A

very young or very old, immunocompromised, at risk for neuro disease

61
Q

What causes and spreads West Nile virus?

A

athropod-borne arbovirus….mosquitoes

62
Q

Do you report west nile virus?

A

yes

63
Q

How do you manage west nile virus?

A

supportive treatment, but severe = hospitlization

64
Q

How do you diagnose west nile virus?

A

IgM ELISA or CSF fluid test
In CSF = neuroinvasive disease

65
Q

What is the presentation of Ebola virus?

A

hemorrhagic fever with dizziness, malaise, fatigue, myalgia, arthralgia with GI symptoms and subsequent neurologic symptoms and hypovolemic shock; can be from Africa travel

66
Q

What’s the ebola virus called?

A

filoviridae

67
Q

What helps diagnose ebola virus?

A

low immune system function - low plaetlets, electrolyte imbalance, hypoalbuminemia, leukopenia

RT-PCR, IgM ELISA

68
Q

How do you treat ebola virus?

A

isolate, support with IV fluids and anticipate complications
70% mortality

69
Q

What is the presentation of Zika virus?

A

acute onset low grade fever, pruritic rash on face, trunk, extremeties, palms, soles, athralgia, conjunctivitis, malaise, fatigue and causing SEVERE birth defects; mostly caused from travel!

70
Q

What birth defects does Zika virus cause?

A

microcephaly, face disproportion, hypertonia, hyperreflexia, seizures, arthrogryposis, hearing loss

71
Q

What virus is the Zika virus?

A

flavivirus

72
Q

How do you diagnose the Zika virus?

A

Rt-PCR and Zika IgM
Infants = head US, hearing, CSF, PCR testing

Screen pregnant women if they have exposure Hx. If they do, screen for symptom Hx. If they do, TEST

73
Q

How do you treat Zika virus?

A

prevention is key!
rest and symptomatic treatment
NSAIDs should be avoided >32 weeks of gestation

Clinical Medicine I (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions