Benign skin lesions Flashcards
What is a benign nevus?
plain old mole
except - on any palms or soles, any ugly ducklings = concerning
what is a birthmark called?
congenital melanocytic nevus
the bigger it is, the higher risk for melanoma
What is a spitz nevus?
red-pink, dome-shaped smooth papule, commonly on children. Excised.
What’s a blue nevus?
blue in color often occuring in adolescence, biopsied due to color but maintain under observation
What is a mongolian spot?
congenital dermal melanocytosis of extensive or sacral discoloration; blue-gray patches; monitor and consider abuse in children
What should you consider regarding a port wine stain?
could be from associated underlying spinal cord malformation if covering back midline
consider glaucoma if involving eyelids or in trigem nerve area
What is an infantile hemangioma?
strawberry mark on face, scalp, back or chest that mostly resolve unless needing IV propanolol
What’s the guidelines for cafe au lait spot workup?
> 3 in caucasian
5 in african americans
What are skin tags?
acrochordons that may be associated with colon polyps, evaluate for DM
What’s a lipoma?
soft, mobile subq nodule on trunk/extremeties
What is keratoderma?
hyperkeratosis of palms and soles. Treatment with keratolytics, mechanical debridement, retinoids
What is seborrheic keratosis?
macular, papular, verrucous, “stuck on oval, velvety, warty lesions” scaly – biopsy if concerned, but simple reassurance and cosmetic removal
What should a sudden appearance of multiple seborrheic keratosis lesions point to?
malignancy
What is a dermatofibroma?
pink, tan or brown papule firm and dimples inwards on lower extremeties.
Multiple lesions = lupus or HIV, normal
Biopsy if painful, otherwise it’s fine
How can you treat a keloid?
intralesional steroid/ topical steroid for pain
What is an epidermal inclusion cyst?
face or trunk skin-colored to yellow-white papules with visible, pore-like opening. If in dermis there is redness and pain
what in an epidermal inclusion cyst points to gardner or gorlin syndrome?
multiple
How to manage epidermal inclusion cyst?
reasusrance and I&D. No abx needed
What is milia?
small, superficial firm white cysts cause by keratin. Can express contents but overall reassurance
What is xanthoma?
yellow-orange hue of papules and patches “pimples that were yellow” –> lab workup –> treat underlying cause
What is xanthelasma?
yellow to orange maculesthin plaques around eyes, coming from xanthoma or hyperlipidemia. Treat with trichloroacetic acid or laser
What does the sudden eruption of multiple cherry angiomas mean?
malignancy
What does multiple spider angiomas mean?
hyperestrogenemia (pregnancy)
What is a pyogenic granuloma?
rapid growth of friable, red papulic nodule which ulcerates, bleeds, on fingers, can be on lips, face or tongue. Can be caused by pregnancy or medications
How do you manage a pyogenic granuloma?
reassurance, shave removal, recurrence is common
What are corns and calluses?
keratotic lesions from repeated trauma - utilize symptomatic relief and reassurance. consider x-ray for relcacitrant lesions
How do you differentiate warts from corns and calluses?
whether they have blood vessels
What is ichthyosis vulgaris?
scaling favoring extensors from fine white scales to larger adherent scales (lower legs) with a genetic component of disorder and can be on trunk, scalp and forehead, too
How do you treat ichthyosis vulgaris?
emollients, humidifiers, keratolytic agents, retinoids
What is keratosis pilaris?
follicular papules, background erythema on lateral upper arms, thighs, and cheeks. risk factor is atopic dermatitis
How do you manage keratosis pilaris?
reassurance, keratolytic agents, potentially topical retinoids
