Hair & Nails Flashcards
What is androgenic alopecia?
hair loss in males (M pattern) or females (overall thinning)
both have neg pull test but present
What’s the treatment for male patterned hair loss?
topical minoxidil or oral finasteride combo
What’s the treatment for female patterned hair loss?
antiandrogens like sprinolactone + BC
What is telogen effluvium?
stress-induced hair loss, positive pull test
How do you treat telogen effluvium?
topical minoxidil
What is alopecia areata?
discreet coin patches of hair loss, exclamation point hair, POS pull test.
most likely auto-immune
What should you do to help diagnose alopecia areata?
check labs for any underlying conditions
How do you treat alopecia areata?
topical corticosteroids (SUPER potent), intralesional corticosteroids
topical minoxidil; anthralin (children)
What is traction alopecia?
balding from excessive pulling, must recommend different habits
What is hot-comb alopecia?
end stage traction alopecia – must stop inflammation, hair restoration
What is trichtollomania?
hair thinning from pulling it out from stress or OCD
refer that to psych!
What is myxoid/digital mucus cyst?
shiny, semi-translucent, filled with jelly-like fluid, papular
How do you treat myxoid mucus cyst?
repeated punctures and drainage and expression; maybe injections of steroids
What is melanonychia?
brown discoloration on band/under nail
In who is melanonychia more common?
people of color
What should you test for with mealnonychia?
melanoma. More than one nail is reassuring. fast changing, concerning
How to treat melanonychia?
Mohs surgery or amputation if reaching bone
How do you manage beau’s nails?
treat underlying condition
What is paronychia?
inflammation of tissue around finger; purulent usually
How do you treat paronychia?
soak in warm water, topical antiseptic, I&D
severe may need oral abx (tetracycline) or if from HSV, acyclovir
What is the presentation of nail lichen planus?
grooved, ridged, darkened, thickened nails, may disappear. Have to treat systemic disease
What is onchocryptosis?
toenail digging into skin
How do you treat onchocryptosis?
antibiotics and surgical removal. If severe enough, may have to remove nail completely. Warm soaks can help
What is a felon?
abscess in finger with swelling, pain, “throbbing”
What can a felon be caused by?
FB, cuts, paronychia
What helps diagnose a felon for accurate management?
culture
consider tetanus
How do you treat a felon?
oral antibiotics. I&D elevation
severe = IV abx and surgery
What is koilonychia?
abnormally thin nails, flat or concave from deficiencies. must correct them to heal
What is a subungual hematoma?
bleeding or bruising under the nail from trauma. Always rule out melanoma, and then drill hole to relieve pressure
What are clubbed nails associated with?
low O2, COPD, malignancy
What is a herpetic whitlow?
painful, red area of infection of finger which can be vesicular, caused by herpes
How do you treat herpetic whitlow?
disinfection and antivirals
