Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Medicine I > Conjunctivitis & Corneal Disorders > Flashcards

Conjunctivitis & Corneal Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the symptoms of viral conjunctivitis?

A

bilateral, copious watery, red discharge
highly contagious
foreign body sensation
follicles on inferior palpebral conjunctive surface
tender pre-auricular lymphadenopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the cause of viral conjunctivitis?

A

adenovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the treatment of viral conjunctivitis?

A

supportive treatment –> COLD compresses & artificial tears, NO steroid drops
counsel on contagiousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the clinical presentation of HSV viral conjunctivitis?

A

Unilateral with lid vesicles, more likely to have complications, around eyelid –> into eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the causation of HSV viral conjunctivitis?

A

HSV, varicella zoster, herpes zoster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the treatment of HSV viral conjunctivitis?

A

NO ABX, NO STEROIDS
topical ganciclovir (expensive and topical antiviral) and/or oral acyclovir/valacyclovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the clinical presentation of bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

copious purulent discharge and eye matting, blurring of vision and discomfort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What bacteria causes bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

MRSA, strep, H.flu, pseudomonas contact lenses!!!!, moraxella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

topical antibiotic –> trimethoprim with polymyxin B

severe cases – fluoroquinolones or pseudomonas (ciprofloxacin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the clinical presentation of gonococcal conjunctivitis?

A

copious purulent discharge, like a LOT
chemosis (conjunctival edema), lid swelling, preauricular adenopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the cause of gonococcal conjunctivitis?

A

genital secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are you looking for in diagnosis of gonococcal conjunctivitis?

A

smear: gram- of intracellular diplococci and polymorphonuclear leukocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the treatment for gonococcal conjunctivitis?

A

IM ceftriaxone 1g

EMERGENCY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the clinical presentation of chlamydia (inclusion) conjunctivitis?

A

acute redness, purulence/non-irritation, follicular involvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the risk factors for chlamydia (inclusion) conjunctivitis?

A

sexual history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the cause of chlamydia (inclusion) conjunctivitis?

A

transmitted sexually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What diagnostic tests should you do if you suspect chlamydia (inclusion) conjunctivitis?

A

immunologic tests, PCR, check for other STIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the treatment for chlamydia (inclusion) conjunctivitis?

A

Doxycycline PO, can do with gonococcal conjunctivitis IM ceftriaxone if concern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the clinical presentation of chlamydial conjunctivitis (trachoma)?

A

purulence or cloudiness, follicular inflammation on inside of eye, recurrent situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are risk factors for chlamydial conjunctivitis (trachoma)?

A

poverty, poor living conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the cause of chlamydial conjunctivitis (trachoma)?

A

recurrent infections through direct personal contact (MCC of infectious blindness)?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How do you treat chlamydial conjunctivitis (trachoma)?

A

single dose of oral azithromycin; may need surgical correction or corneal transplantation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the clinical presentation of allergic conjunctivitis?

A

itching, tearing, redness, stringy discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How to diagnose allergic conjunctivitis on an exam?

A

bumpy or follicular appearance to tarsal conjunctiva, cobblestoning, stringy discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis?

A

Cromolyn (MCS) or olopatadine (MCS/AH)

if this doesn’t work, upgrade to loratadine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the clinical presentation of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye)?

A

dryness, redness, foreign body sensation, variable vision
SEVERE: discomfort, photophobia, difficulty moving lids, excessive mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are risk factors for keratoconjunctivitis sicca ?

A

older women (aging, hereditary diorders, systemic disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the common name for keratoconjunctivitis sicca?

A

dry eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the causation of keratoconjunctivitis sicca?

A

hypofunction of lacrimal glands, excessive evaporation of tears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What helps diagnose keratoconjunctivitis sicca?

A

slit lamp, fluorescein stains to show damaged corneal and conjunctival cells; shirmer test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the treatment for keratoconjunctivitis sicca?

A

refer to opthamology

artificial tears; not visine, stop drying medications, use humidifiers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How do cataracts present?

A

bilateral opacities of lens, progressive vision blurring, glare in bright light/night driving

33
Q

What are risk factors for cataracts?

A

age>60 years, smoking

34
Q

What are causes of cataracts?

A

congenital (intrauterine infections, rubella/CMV), trauma, 2ndary disease, radiation

35
Q

What are cataracts appearance upon exam?

A

fundus loses reflex and pupil appears white

36
Q

What is the treatment of cataracts?

A

refer to ophthalmology and lens replacement

37
Q

What are the symptoms of corneal abrasions?

A

severe pain, photophobia, foreign body sensation

38
Q

What are causes of corneal abrasions?

A

trauma, foreign bodies, contact lens –> pseudomonas bacteria

39
Q

How to diagnose corneal abrasion?

A

check visual acuity before numbing!
numb eye with tetracine:
fluorescein stain to look for abnormality, lid inversion to rule out foreign body

40
Q

How do you treat corneal abrasion?

A

bacitaracin-polymyxin or erythromycin opthalmic OINTMENT is key
no contacts for a week
if pseudomonas: ciprofloxacin (if contact lens)
NOOO Steroids. Oral NSAIDS for comfort, may need cycloplegic drops and schedule a follow up

41
Q

If a patient wears contact lens and presents with corneal abrasion, what should you assume the cause is and the subsequent treatment?

A

Pseudomonas, ciprofloxacin

42
Q

What is the clinical presentation of corneal ulcers?

A

pain, photophobia, tearing, reduced vision, corneal injection, discharge?

Corneal CRATER

43
Q

What is the causation of corneal ulcer?

A

infection or long term contacts use

44
Q

How do you diagnose corneal ulcer?

A

always check visual acuity
Fluorescein stain to look for abnormality and lid inversion to rule out foreign body; tetracaine to numb

45
Q

How do you treat a corneal ulcer?

A

refer urgently to opthalmology; prob need antibiotics

46
Q

What is the usual cause of a foreign body in the eye?

A

construction or farming

47
Q

What diagnosis process needs to be done for a foreign body in the eye?

A

check vision, may need fluorescein if you cannot see anything
if present wound , but cannot find object and there is vision loss, consider intraocular foreign body

48
Q

How do you manage a foreign body in the eye?

A

remove with sterile wet qtip or 25g needle, bacitracin-polymyxin or erythromycin ophthalmic ointment
if intraocular, EMERGENT referral to opthalmology

49
Q

What are the symptoms of bacterial keratitis?

A

corneal opacity/infiltrate with red eye, photophobia, foreign body sensation, purulent discharge

50
Q

What is a risk factor for bacterial keratitis?

A

contact lens wearers

51
Q

What are the causes of bacterial keratitis?

A

overnight use, trauma, staph, strep, pseudomonas aeruginosa, moraxella

52
Q

What are you looking for in an exam for bacterial keratitis?

A

opacity (usually <.5) and pus in chamber

53
Q

How do you treat bacterial keratitis?

A

emergent referral to ophthalmology

usually need topical antibiotic –> fluoroquinolone q1h

NO steroids, STOP contacts

54
Q

What is the clinical presentation of viral keratitis?

A

red eye, photophobia, watery discharge,foreign body dendritic lesion for hsv

55
Q

What is the cause of viral keratitis?

A

HSV

56
Q

What is the treatment of viral keratitis?

A

antivirals + topical corticosteroids (refer to ophthalmology)
immunocomp will require more treatment; will reoccur when exposed to stressors and risk for corneal scarring

57
Q

What is the clinical presentation of fungal keratitis?

A

feathery edges and “satellite” lesions; pus in chamber

58
Q

What is the cause of fungal keratitis?

A

chronic ocular surface disease and contact lens wearers

59
Q

What is the common cause of fungal keratitis?

A

plant material in agricultural setting

60
Q

What are the diagnosing steps of fungal keratitis?

A

culture fungi

diagnose often delayed and treatment difficult

61
Q

What is treatment like for fungal keratitis?

A

long term treatment

62
Q

What is the clinical presentation of pinguecula?

A

yellow nodule on conjunctiva, bilateral

63
Q

What is the cause of pinguecula?

A

degenerative; benign

64
Q

What is the treatment of pinguecula?

A

NO treatment required, artificial tears may help or topical anti-inflammatories

65
Q

What is the clinical presentation of pterygium?

A

fleshy TRIANGULAR conjunctival tissue, always on nasal side, bilateral

66
Q

What is the cause of pterygium?

A

long term exposure to wind, sun, sand, dust

67
Q

What is the treatment of pterygium?

A

artificial tears or topical NSAIDs, sometimes excised

68
Q

What is the clinical presentation of iritis (anterior acute uveitis)?

A

unilateral eye pain, redness, tearing, photophobia, decreased vision, miosis, severe = hyponon

69
Q

What are the risk factors for iritis?

A

history of eye trauma, systemic disease, autoimmune 25-64 years

70
Q

What is the more specified name for anterior acute uveitis?

A

iritis

71
Q

What is the causation of iritis?

A

trauma, infections, inflammation

72
Q

What is extremely important to remember for iritis?

A

this is not common in children unless they are having rheumatoid arthritis. MUST test.

Lab testing is so important

73
Q

What is the treatment for iritis?

A

refer to ophthalmology for any red eye AND vision loss, steroid and/or cycloplegics for comfort

74
Q

What is the clinical presentation of intermediate/posterior uveitis?

A

altered vision, floaters, usually PAINLESS, some redness, tearing, usually bilateral onset, few vision complaints

75
Q

What are the risks for intermediate/posterior uveitis?

A

same as irisitis –> history of eye trauma, systemic disease 25-64 years

76
Q

What are the causations of intermediate/posterior uveitis?

A

trauma, infections, inflammation, toxoplasmosis*

77
Q

How do you diagnose intermediate/posterior uveitis?

A

same reminder about children
traumatic: dilated fundoscopy, measure IOP
non traumatic: slit lamp and lab tests

78
Q

What is the treatment for intermediate/posterior uveitis?

A

refer to ophthalmology for any red eye along with vision loss
topical steroids with or without cycloplegics (same as iritis)

79
Q

What is the relative afferent pupillary defect?

A

ray in affected pupil it dilates

Clinical Medicine I (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions