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Clinical Medicine I > Catch-up BS > Flashcards

Catch-up BS Flashcards

1
Q

What symptoms are typical of mastoiditis?

A

inflammation, pus, pain, fever, swelling/redness behind ear, ear discharge, hearing loss, headache

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2
Q

What are risk factors of mastoiditis?

A

chronic OM, recent URI, poor ETF

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3
Q

What commonly causes mastoiditis?

A

s. pneumoniae, h. influenzae, s. pyogenes, infection from OM to the mastoid air cells

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4
Q

What signs are typical of mastoiditis upon exam?

A

Redness, swelling, over mastoid process, protrusion of the ear, fluctuance over mastoid, signs of systemic infection

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5
Q

How do you treat mastoiditis?

A

cefazolin (broad spectrum)

Mastoidectomy if abscess formation/lack of response

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6
Q

What are potential complications of mastoiditis?

A

abscess formation, meningitis, facial nerve paralysis

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7
Q

What are symptoms of herpes stomatitis?

A

fever, irritability, malaise, painful vesicles, volcanic “erosion”, difficulty swallowing, vesicular lesions, swollen gums, fever, lymphadenopathy

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8
Q

What causes HSV?

A

viral HSV1 and HSV2 (genital), transmitted through infected saliva, lesions, mucosal surfaces, and don’t need a lesion to be able to transmit it!

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9
Q

How do you diagnose HSV?

A

viral culture, PCR, HSV specific antibodies, compare to apthous ulcers

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10
Q

How do you treat HSV?

A

acyclovir, oral or topical (need oral though), valacyclovir or famciclovir too; supportive care too!

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11
Q

What are complications of HSV?

A

secondary bacterial infection, herpetic gingivostomatitis, encephalitis, disseminated HSV in immunocompromised

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12
Q

What is angioedema?

A

rapid swelling of deeper layers of skin and mucous membranes, w abdominal pain, cramping, difficulty breathing, swelling of hands, feet, genitals

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13
Q

What causes angioedema?

A

hereditary, acquired (certain diseases), histamine-mediated (allergic reactions), bradykinin (vasodilation)

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14
Q

How do you diagnose angioedema?

A

non-itching, non-pitting, swollen, pale, pink-colored areas, resp distress upon exam

history, labs (C4, C1 inhibitors for hereditary or acquired, IgE for allergic), imaging, differential…not anaphylaxis

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15
Q

How do you treat angioedema?

A

epinephrine, antihistamines, corticosteroids (allergic)

C1 inhibitor concentrate, fresh frozen plasma (hereditary)

Icatibant or ellantide (bradykinin)

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of candidiasis?

A

sore throat, dysphagia, xerostomia (dry mouth), metallic/unpleasant taste, white plaques (CAN come off), erythema of mucosa, glossitis

17
Q

What are risk factors for candidiasis?

A

immunosuppression, diabetes, abx use, use of corticosteroids, poor oral hygiene, denture use

18
Q

What fungus causes candidiasis?

A

candida albicans

19
Q

How do you diagnosis candidiasis?

A

inspection, potassium hydroxide prep of lesions, oral swab for cultures

20
Q

How do you treat candidiasis?

A

Nystatin swallow, clotrimazole lozenges

sys: fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole

address underlying conditions

21
Q

How do you treat ACE-I induced angioedema?

A

stop ace-1 never prescribe again! (common in HTN meds like lisinopril)

focus on airway!
tranexamic acid, icatibant (bradykinin-2 antagonist)
C1 esterase inhibitor
not “true” allergy, more of a side effect, needs to be listed in allergy

ECALLANTIDE NOT BENEFICIAL

22
Q

Where do deep neck abscesses commonly originate from?

A

odontogenic infections from teeth!

23
Q

What are other causes of deep neck infections?

A

suppurative lymphadenitis, direct spread of pharyngeal infection, penetrating trauma, pharyngoesophageal foreign bodies, cervical osteomyelitis, IV injection of internal jugular vein

24
Q

What should you assume in suppurative lymphadenopathy in middle-aged persons who smoke cigarettes and drink alcohol?

A

cancer

25
Q

What are common symptoms of deep neck abscesses?

A

marked neck pain and swelling, fever sometimes

26
Q

What should you do for a neck abscess?

A

CT scan for abscesses of course

27
Q

What’s the common bacteria for epiglottitis?

A

h. flu

28
Q

How do you treat allergic (histamine-mediated) angioedema?

A

epinephrine, antihistamines, corticosteroids

29
Q

How do you treat hereditary angioedema?

A

C1 inhibitor concentrate, fresh frozen plasma

30
Q

How do you treat bradykinin-mediated angioedema?

A

icatibant or ecallantide

31
Q

How do you treat ACE-1 angioedema?

A

stop ACE-I, tranxemic acid, icatibant, C1 esterase inhibitor, ecallantide NOT BENEFICIAL

Clinical Medicine I (33 decks)

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