Viral Infections Of Oral Cavity Flashcards
Viral infections of the oral cavity?
Herpes simplex (HS1)
Herpes zoster
Varicella zoster
Hand foot and mouth
Mumps, measles
Infective mononucleosis- glandular fever
Varicella zoster; who is it most common in? Signs and symptoms? Management?
- Common in children
- Vesicular and itchy papules but painless, fever and malaise
- Self managed; hydration, good diet, plenty of rest and NSAIDS (paracetamol/ibruprofen)
What is the primary and reactivation of varicella zoster?
Chickenpox is primary infection and shingles is the reactivation
How does shingles present, who is it common in and what is the patient management?
Prevents as rash like 1 side of face or back.
Usually triggered by trauma, drugs or immunosuppressants
More common in elderly
Self manage; hydration, balanced diet, NSAIDS, rest
What is Ramsay hunt?
Shingles of facial nerve
Rare
Unilateral facial palsy
Painful and can lead to paralysis or hearing loss on 1 side of face
Oral presentation of shingles?
Lesion of one side of mouth/tongue.
May complain of toothache due to hypersensitivity
Which viruses are mainly caused by group A coxsackie?
Hand foot and mouth
Herpangina
How is hand foot and mouth transmitted?
Air, coughing, sneezing, touching of contaminated objects
Herpangina; who is it most common in? How is it transmitted? Signs and symptoms? Management?
Common in children 3-10
Transmitted orally or through droplets
Ulcer sores on soft palate, malaise and sort throat
Self managed with; NSAIDS, rest, hydrations, soft diet
What diseases are often cause by Epstein Barr virus?
Infective mononucleosis
Burkitts lymphoma
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Epstein Barr; who is it most common in? Signs and symptoms? Management?
Most common in early childhood
Lies dormant and people remain infected without any symptoms
Sore throat, fever, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes
Self manage; NSAIDS, rest, hydration, soft diets
How to differentiate between Herpangina and gingival stomatitis?
Gingival stomatitis has ulcers/vesticles more anteriorly and Herpangina is more on the soft palate
Paramyxoviridae viruses?
Measles, mumps
Mumps; who is it most common in? Signs and symptoms? Management?
Usually a childhood illness
Painful swelling of parotid salivary glands lasting 1-2 weeks, difficultly chewing, tiredness, fatigue
Takes 2-3 weeks for symptoms to appear
Self managed; rest, hydration, NSAIDS, soft diet
How does mumps transmit?
Coughing, sneezing, talking
What is the most highly infectious disease known?
Measles
Measles; transmittion? Signs and symptoms? Management? Common in?
Air, droplets, surface touching
Exanthematous rash - can appear in mouth
Enters through respiratory tract
Headache, fever, sore throat, Kopliks spots
Most common in children
Herpes simplex 1 and 2 differences
Herpes simplex 1 causes orofacial lesions or above the belt.
Herpes simplex 2 causes genital lesions or below the belt.
What is the primary and secondary herpes simplex 1?
Primary; Primary gingivostomatitis, herpetic whitlow.
Secondary; cold sores - herpes labialis
What stimulates the reactivation of herpes simplex 1?
Stress
Trauma
Sunlight
Menstruation
Immunosuppression
Fatigue
What is encephalitis?
Swelling of brain, can lead to death
Where does herpes labialis lie dormant?
Trigeminal ganglion (nerve bundles) until reactivated
What do we advise patients with cold sores to do?
Rearrange their appointment due to transmission risk
Common methods advised to patients to alleviate symptoms?
Eat cool and soft foods
Avoid triggers if any
NSAIDS
Cold compress
Sun block
Hydration
Rest
Herpes simplex/labialis; Signs and symptoms?
- Tingling, burning or itchy area around the mouth
- Red fluid filled blister on lip, gum or around mouth that break open and leak
- Turn yellow, crust and heal within 10-14 days
- Sore throat, fever, swollen glands
Herpes simplex/labialis patient management?
- Rearrange dental appointment for patient comfort and for risk of transmission
- recommend; rest, hydration, uv protection, soft diet, anti viral creams, no kissing, no oral sex, use tissue when coughing/sneezing, good hand hygiene
Additional advice for viral infections in oral cavity?
Isolation
No kissing or oral sex
Use a tissue
No sharing cutlery, food or towels
Do not touch area to avoid spreading
Good hand hygiene and cleaning practices
Why is it best to reschedule a patients appointment is the were infected with herpes labialis?
The risk of spreading the virus is quite high with the use of aerosol instruments. Even without aerosol, the risk of reopening the cold sore if high and therefore increasing the transmission risk so best to avoid until area has healed.
