Epithelium And Membranes

Question 1

A group of ______ working together forms ______. An organised group of the latter work together to form ______ .

Answer 1

Cells
Tissue
Organs

Question 2

What tissue covers the whole surface of the body, as well as covering or lining all internal and external surfaces?

Answer 2

Epithelial tissue

Question 3

What covers or lines internal structures and cavities?

Answer 3

Membranes

Question 4

What are the functions of epithelium?

Answer 4

• Secretion (Moving of a material from one point to another)
• Absorption (Liquid or a gas being taken in)
• Protection against abrasion, radiation, chemical stress, invasion of pathogens. (Covers the inner and outer linings of bodies cavities and organs)
• Transcellular transport (Movement across cell membrane in or out)
• Sensation (nerve endings provide signals)

Question 5

What are the characteristics of epithelium?

Answer 5

• Cellularity (almost made up entirely of cells, tightly together by cell to cell attachments)
• Polarity (1 free apical surface, 1 attached basal surface)
• Supported by connective tissue (attached to basement membrane as basal surface)
• Avascular (no bloody supply, diffuses nutrients from underlying connective tissue)
• Regenerative (all epithelium cells continually shred from surface and regenerate)

Question 6

What membrane is found inside the oral cavity and where is its lubricant formed?

Answer 6

Mucous membrane
The mucous is formed from the epithelial exocrine glands

Question 7

What epithelium lines the oral cavity?

Answer 7

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 8

Which type of epithelium is single layer, flat and thin?

Answer 8

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 9

Which type of epithelium is multi layered, flat and thin?

Answer 9

Stratified squamous epithelium
Lines the oral cavity, a wet, non keratinised surface providing protection.

Question 10

Which type of epithelium is single layered, cubed in shape and have a centrally placed nucleus?

Answer 10

Simple cuboidal epithelium
Lines surface of glands and organs providing protection.

Question 11

Which type of epithelium is multi layered and the top layer cubed in shape?

Answer 11

Stratified cuboidal epithelium
Found in sweat and salivary glands for protection, excretion and secretion with limited distribution

Question 12

Which type of epithelium has multiple layers and changes shape during contraction?

Answer 12

Transitional epithelium
Found in the bladder and urinary tract, can stretch during contraction and return to normal.

Question 13

Which type of epithelium consists of a single layer of cells that are taller than they are wide and have an oval shaped nucleus?

Answer 13

Simple columnar epithelium
Most prolific in human body with many functions. Found in buccal cavity and can secrete mucous for protection. Also sensory function for eyes, ears nose.

Question 14

Which type of epithelium has multiple layers, and the topmost outer layer is rectangular?

Answer 14

Stratified columnar epithelium
Not very common, found in conjunctiva of eyes, uterus, pharynx and urethra.

Question 15

Which type of epithelium has different levelled nuclei but only has one layer with all cells contacted at basement membrane?

Answer 15

Pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium.
Help trap and transfer particles through nasal passage. Found in respiratory system, inner ear.

Question 16

What does epithelial tissue cover?

Answer 16

Covers the whole surface of the body, as well as covering or lining all internal and external surfaces.

Question 17

What do membranes cover or line?

Answer 17

Cover or line the internal structures and cavities

Question 18

What are the four main membranes?

Answer 18

Mucous
Serous
Synovial
Cutaneous

Question 19

What type of membrane lines the bodies cavities open to the external environment?

Answer 19

Mucous membrane.
Lines oral cavity, ears, respiratory and digestive tracts.

Question 20

What type of membrane lines the bodies cavities not open to the external environment?

Answer 20

Serous membrane.
Two layers with fluid that lubricate organs to prevent damage and friction.

Question 21

Which membrane lines the cavity of a freely moveable joint?

Answer 21

Synovial membrane.
Found lining the cavity of freely moveable joints to nourish cartilage to allow for free movement and prevent friction.

Question 22

Which membrane rests on top of connective tissue?

Answer 22

Cutaneous membrane.
This is skin, covered in dead keratinised cells that continually shred.

Question 23

Where is mucous produced from?

Answer 23

Epithelial exocrine glands

Question 24

Main functions of mucous membrane in oral cavity?

Answer 24

• Keeps membrane moist by secreting gel like fluid from mucous glands
• Protection from tearing and damage from outside environments

Question 25

The mucous membrane in the mouth is made up of what epithelium?

Answer 25

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 26

What are the two layers of serous membrane?

Answer 26

Parietal - outer layer
Visceral - inner layer

Question 27

The serous membrane is made up of what epithelium?

Answer 27

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 28

The cutaneous membrane is made up of what epithelium?

Answer 28

Stratified squamous epithelium
(Keratinised and dry)

Question 29

What tissue forms parts of most glands?

Answer 29

Epithelial tissue

Question 30

Which epithelial tissue lines the interior of blood vessels?

Answer 30

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 31

What is cellularity?

Answer 31

High density of closely packed cells

Question 32

What is polarity?

Answer 32

Distinct apical and basal surface in cells

Question 33

What is the basement membrane?

Answer 33

Thin layer supporting connective epithelial tissue