Epithelium And Membranes Flashcards
A group of ______ working together forms ______. An organised group of the latter work together to form ______ .
Cells
Tissue
Organs
What tissue covers the whole surface of the body, as well as covering or lining all internal and external surfaces?
Epithelial tissue
What covers or lines internal structures and cavities?
Membranes
What are the functions of epithelium?
- Secretion (Moving of a material from one point to another)
- Absorption (Liquid or a gas being taken in)
- Protection against abrasion, radiation, chemical stress, invasion of pathogens. (Covers the inner and outer linings of bodies cavities and organs)
- Transcellular transport (Movement across cell membrane in or out)
- Sensation (nerve endings provide signals)
What are the characteristics of epithelium?
- Cellularity (almost made up entirely of cells, tightly together by cell to cell attachments)
- Polarity (1 free apical surface, 1 attached basal surface)
- Supported by connective tissue (attached to basement membrane as basal surface)
- Avascular (no bloody supply, diffuses nutrients from underlying connective tissue)
- Regenerative (all epithelium cells continually shred from surface and regenerate)
What membrane is found inside the oral cavity and where is its lubricant formed?
Mucous membrane
The mucous is formed from the epithelial exocrine glands
What epithelium lines the oral cavity?
Stratified squamous epithelium
Which type of epithelium is single layer, flat and thin?
Simple squamous epithelium
Which type of epithelium is multi layered, flat and thin?
Stratified squamous epithelium
Lines the oral cavity, a wet, non keratinised surface providing protection.
Which type of epithelium is single layered, cubed in shape and have a centrally placed nucleus?
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Lines surface of glands and organs providing protection.
Which type of epithelium is multi layered and the top layer cubed in shape?
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
Found in sweat and salivary glands for protection, excretion and secretion with limited distribution
Which type of epithelium has multiple layers and changes shape during contraction?
Transitional epithelium
Found in the bladder and urinary tract, can stretch during contraction and return to normal.
Which type of epithelium consists of a single layer of cells that are taller than they are wide and have an oval shaped nucleus?
Simple columnar epithelium
Most prolific in human body with many functions. Found in buccal cavity and can secrete mucous for protection. Also sensory function for eyes, ears nose.
Which type of epithelium has multiple layers, and the topmost outer layer is rectangular?
Stratified columnar epithelium
Not very common, found in conjunctiva of eyes, uterus, pharynx and urethra.
Which type of epithelium has different levelled nuclei but only has one layer with all cells contacted at basement membrane?
Pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium.
Help trap and transfer particles through nasal passage. Found in respiratory system, inner ear.
What does epithelial tissue cover?
Covers the whole surface of the body, as well as covering or lining all internal and external surfaces.
What do membranes cover or line?
Cover or line the internal structures and cavities
What are the four main membranes?
Mucous
Serous
Synovial
Cutaneous
What type of membrane lines the bodies cavities open to the external environment?
Mucous membrane.
Lines oral cavity, ears, respiratory and digestive tracts.
What type of membrane lines the bodies cavities not open to the external environment?
Serous membrane.
Two layers with fluid that lubricate organs to prevent damage and friction.
Which membrane lines the cavity of a freely moveable joint?
Synovial membrane.
Found lining the cavity of freely moveable joints to nourish cartilage to allow for free movement and prevent friction.
Which membrane rests on top of connective tissue?
Cutaneous membrane.
This is skin, covered in dead keratinised cells that continually shred.
Where is mucous produced from?
Epithelial exocrine glands
Main functions of mucous membrane in oral cavity?
- Keeps membrane moist by secreting gel like fluid from mucous glands
- Protection from tearing and damage from outside environments
The mucous membrane in the mouth is made up of what epithelium?
Stratified squamous epithelium
What are the two layers of serous membrane?
Parietal - outer layer
Visceral - inner layer
The serous membrane is made up of what epithelium?
Simple squamous epithelium
The cutaneous membrane is made up of what epithelium?
Stratified squamous epithelium
(Keratinised and dry)
What tissue forms parts of most glands?
Epithelial tissue
Which epithelial tissue lines the interior of blood vessels?
Simple squamous epithelium
What is cellularity?
High density of closely packed cells
What is polarity?
Distinct apical and basal surface in cells
What is the basement membrane?
Thin layer supporting connective epithelial tissue
