Respirstory System

Question 1

Structures of the upper respiratory system

Answer 1

Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea

Question 2

Structures of the lower respiratory system

Answer 2

The bronchi/bronchioles
Lungs
Pleura
Diaphragm
Ribs and intercostal muscles

Question 3

Respiration

Answer 3

Inspiration, expiration and diffusion of;
- oxygen from pulmonary alveoli to the blood.
- carbon dioxide from the blood to alveoli.
- transport of oxygen to and carbon dioxide from body cells.

Question 4

Structure of nose and nasal cavity in respiratory system

Answer 4

• route for air entry through the nose
• enters large nasal cavity
• left and right separated by nasal septum
• nasal cavity is partitioned from oral cavity by the palate.

Question 5

Function of nose and nasal hairs

Answer 5

• Warming; due to dense vascularity.
• Humidification; air travels over moist mucosa, saturated with water.
• Filtering and cleaning; traps particles and ducts adheres to mucous, prevents drying.

Question 6

Sense of smell is through?

Answer 6

Olfactory nerve

Question 7

Location of pharynx

Answer 7

Behind nasal cavity and mouth, behind oseophagus and larynx

Question 8

3 sections of larynx

Answer 8

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

Question 9

Function/structure of nasopharynx

Answer 9

• Space above soft palate and back of nose.
• connects nose to mouth
• allows person to breath through nose
• contains adenoid tissue which fights infection
• major drainage for lymphatic fluids.

Question 10

Structure/function of oropharynx

Answer 10

• accepts air from nasopharynx and passes to laryngeal pharynx
• accepts food from mouth and passes to oesophagus
• prevent food or liquid from entering lungs

Question 11

Structure/function laryngopharynx

Answer 11

• lined by stratified squamous epithelium
• pass food and air by being a passage
• temporary stops air during swallowing to allow food to pass safely to oesophagus.

Question 12

Structure of larynx

Answer 12

Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Epiglottis

Question 13

Function of larynx

Answer 13

• allows air to pass through
• keeps food and drink from blocking the airway
• contains vocal folds

Question 14

Structure/function bronchi

Answer 14

• conducts air to lungs
• no gas exchange takes place here
• less cartilage, more smooth muscle
• branch into smaller secondary branches, these branch into smaller tubes, bronchioles.

Question 15

Structure of bronchioles

Answer 15

• no cartilage present, smooth muscle dominates
• branch into single layer epithelial cells, alveol
• 3 types; lobular, terminal, respiratory.

Question 16

Function of bronchiloles

Answer 16

Deliver air to network of millions of alveoli

Question 17

What lines the walls of bronchioles

Answer 17

Cilia.
Remove debris and microbes.

Question 18

Where does the gas exchange take place in the respiratory system

Answer 18

Alveoli and capillaries

Question 19

Structure of alveoli

Answer 19

• millions
• tiny with very thin walls
• large surface area
• well supplied with blood capillaries

Question 20

What is the pleural cavity

Answer 20

Fluid filed space between 2 pulmonary pleurae

Question 21

Name of outer pleura and location

Answer 21

Parietal
Attached to thoracic wall (chest)

Question 22

Name of inner pleura and location

Answer 22

Visceral
Covers lungs, bronchi, blood vessels and nerves.

Question 23

How many lobes does the right lung consist of?

Answer 23

3
Superior, middle, inferior.

Question 24

How many lobes does the left lobe consist of?

Answer 24

2
Superior and inferior.

Question 25

What fissures separates the right lobe

Answer 25

Horizontal fissure
Oblique fissure

Question 26

What fissure separates the left lobe

Answer 26

Oblique fissure

Question 27

What is the cardiac notch

Answer 27

Indentation seen on left lung, allows space for heart

Question 28

Which systems provide a level of control through dilation and constriction of the airway?

Answer 28

Parasympathetic and sympathetic

Question 29

Major function of lungs

Answer 29

Perform gaseous exchange

Question 30

What artery carries deoxygenated blood to alveoli

Answer 30

Pulmonary artery

Question 31

Where do bronchi, arteries, veins and nerves enter and exist the lungs?

Answer 31

Through the hilum

Question 32

What creates the respiratory membrane

Answer 32

Where the capillary wall meets the alveolar wall

Question 33

What is the hilum?

Answer 33

Wedge shaped area on central portion of each lung

Question 34

Where are the intercostal muscles situated and there function

Answer 34

Group of muscles in the ribs
Assist in breathing process

Question 35

3 layers of intercoastal muscles and locations

Answer 35

External- sit outside the ribs
Internal- sit between the ribs
Innermost- sit inside the ribs

Question 36

Intercoastal muscle nerve and blood supply

Answer 36

Intercoastal nerves and intercoastal artery and vein.

Question 37

Function of the thoracic cage

Answer 37

Protect and surround heart and lungs

Question 38

Processes of inhalation

Answer 38

1. Diaphragm relaxes, lungs expand.
2. Innermost intercoastal muscles relax while external intercoastal muscles contract.
3. Chest cavity expands.
4. Allows lungs to fill with air due to negative pressure.
5. As air fills lungs, gases are exchanged and time to exhale.

Question 39

Processes of exhalation

Answer 39

1. Chest cavity must become smaller.
2. Diaphragm and external intercoastal muscles contract.
3. Force is applied to base and sides of lungs.
4. Innermost intercoastal muscles contract, external intercoastal muscles relax.
5. Cavity contracts and air is forced out.

Question 40

Accessory muscles of respiration

Answer 40

Help elevate the rib cage.
- Sternocleidomastoid
- Scalene