Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BMS > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Role of endocrine system

A

Homeostasis - maintain normal balance of body internal environment
(Slower changes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do the endocrine glands secrete

A

Hormones - chemical messengers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Pituitary gland
Pineal gland
Thyroid glands
4 parathyroid glands
Thymus
2 adrenal glands
Pancreatic islets
2 ovaries OR 2 testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What processes do hormones influence

A

Growth and development
Stress response
Nutrition
Reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do disorders of endocrine system occur

A

Too much (hyper) of a hormone being produced.
Too little (hypo) of a hormone produced.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What results in a lack of insulin being produced

A

Diabetes - endocrine disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why study endocrine system

A

Clinical presentation
Oral manifestations of endocrine diseases
Behaviour
Medical emergencies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is the pituitary gland situated and what attaches it

A

In hypophyseal fossa of sphenoid bone below hypothalamus.
Attached to hypothalamus by a stalk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What system do the hypothalamus and pituitary gland work

A

Negative feedback regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is negative feedback

A

Helps control homeostasis within body;
Releases hormones when levels are too low.
Initiates changes to decrease production of hormone if levels too high.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hormones secreted by anterior pituitary

A

Growth hormone
Prolactin
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Corticotrophin releasing hormone
Gonadotrophins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hormones secreted by posterior pituitary

A

Oxytocin
Anti diuretic hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Functions of growth hormone in children

A

Promotes growth of;
Skeleton
Muscles
Connective tissue
Kidneys
Liver
Pancreas
Adrenal glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Function of growth hormone in adults

A

Maintenance and repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Function of thyroid stimulating hormone

A

TSH stimulates growth and activity of thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Function of adrenocorticotrophic hormone

A

ACTH stimulates activity of adrenal cortex, increases output of steroid hormones (cortisol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Function of prolactin

A

Stimulates lactation (milk production) after birth.
Gonadotrophin hormones released in response to luteinising hormone from hypothalamus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What occurs after puberty in the anterior pituitary

A

2 gonadotrophic (sex hormones) in males and females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone

A

Stimulates production of gametes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Luteinising hormones

A

Stimulates ovaries to produce oestrogen/progesterone
And
Testes to secrete testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Function of oxytocin

A

Promotes contraction of uterus.
Works with prolactin to produce breast milk.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Function of anti diuretic hormone (vasopressin)

A

Influences resorption of water by kidney tubules, results in concentration of urine.
Stimulates contraction of muscular tissues of capillaries and arterials, results in raised blood pressure.

23
Q

Where is the thyroid gland situated

A

In the neck
Front of larynx and trachea

24
Q

Hormones secreted by thyroid gland

A

Thyroxine
Triiodothyonine
Calcitonin

25
Q

What is essential for production of thyroid hormones

A

Iodine

26
Q

Functions of thyroxine and t3 (triiodothyronine)

A

Physical growth and mental development
Metabolism
Nervous and cardiovascular systems
Mobility of GI tract
Female reproductive cycle and lactation

27
Q

Functions of calcitonin

A

Regulates blood calcium
Storage of calcium in bones
Excretion of calcium by kidneys
Opposes action of parathormone

28
Q

Hormone produced by parathyroid gland and function

A

Parathormone.
Important in maintenance of plasma calcium levels.
Works with calcitonin to regulate blood calcium.

29
Q

How does parathormone raise blood calcium

A

Uptake by small intestine
Around resorted by kidneys

30
Q

Why is calcium needed

A

Muscle contraction
Blood clotting
Nerve impulse transmission

31
Q

Where are the adrenal glands situation

A

Small triangle shaped glands that sit on top of the kidneys

32
Q

2 parts of adrenal glands

A

Cortex - outer
Medulla - inner

33
Q

What regulated hormone secretion in adrenal glands

A

Negative feedback system from hypothalamus and pituitary gland

34
Q

Hormones produced in adrenal gland

A

Glucocorticoids (cortisol)
Mineralocorticoid (aldosterone)
Epinephrine (adrenaline)
Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

35
Q

Function of glucocorticoids (cortisol)

A

Glucose metabolism produce in response to stress.

36
Q

Unwanted side effects of glucocorticoids

A

Suppress immune system and wound healing.

37
Q

Functions of aldosterone (mineralocorticoid)

A

Electrolyte balance in the body.
Regulate volumes of sodium and potassium.
Secreted when low blood sodium levels are present or when potassium increases.

38
Q

Hormones produced by adrenal medulla

A

Epinephrine- adrenaline
Norepinephrine- noradrenaline

39
Q

What response is adrenaline concerned with

A

Fight or flight

40
Q

Effects of adrenaline

A

Increase in; metabolic rate, heart rate and blood pressure.
Dilation of; pupils, bronchioles, blood vessels of muscles, heart and brain.
Converts glycogen to glucose.

41
Q

Effects/function of noradrenaline

A

Maintenance of blood pressure
Vasoconstriction (expect coronary arteries)

42
Q

Hormones secreted by pancreatic islets

A

Insulin
Glucagon
Somatostatin

43
Q

What hormones are concerned with maintaining homeostasis of blood glucose levels

A

Insulin
Glucose

44
Q

What hormones inhibits secretion of insulin and glucagon

A

Somatostatin

45
Q

Function of insulin

A

Regulate blood glucose and other absorbed nutrients.
Reduces blood glucose levels.

46
Q

Functions of glucagon

A

Increases blood glucose levels.
Converts glycogen into glucose and gluconeogenesis.

47
Q

Hormones produced by ovaries and their function

A

Oestrogen and progesterone;
Regulate menstrual cycle
Sexual maturity in women.

48
Q

Hormones produced by testes

A

Spermatozoa and testosterone.
Sexual maturity in men
Secondary sexual characteristics.

49
Q

Location and secretion of thymus gland

A

In chest behind sternum.
Secretes hormone thymosin.

50
Q

Function of thymosin

A

Development of T-lymphocytes for cell mediated immunity.
Responsible for growth and maturation of thymus and other lymph tissue.
As we get older, production declines along with T-lymphocyte effectiveness.

51
Q

Hormone secretion of pineal gland

A

Produces hormone melatonin.
Secretion is suppressed by daylight.

52
Q

Melatonin functions

A

Inhibits development of ovaries and testes before puberty.
Initiates and maintains sleep.

53
Q

What does the thymus gland okay and important part in

A

Immunity

BMS (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions