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BMS > Bone > Flashcards

Bone Flashcards

1
Q

What is Osteomyelitis?

A

A chronic infection of the bone

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2
Q

What are Osteoblasts?

A

Immature bone cells that make new bone and grow and repair injured bone

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3
Q

How many red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow every second?

A

2 million

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4
Q

What are the different types of bone?

A

Long bone
Short bone
Flat bone
Irregular bone
Sesamoid bone

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5
Q

In adulthood, how many bones should we have?

A

206-213 bones

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6
Q

Why do we need to learn about bone?

A

Diagnostic tool

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7
Q

What are osteocytes?

A

Mature bone cells created when osteoblasts become trapped in bone

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8
Q

Which of the following is not a type of bone?
Long, thin, short or flat

A

Thin

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9
Q

Which term is not a part of bone development?
Extracellular ossification
Bone remodelling
Endochondral ossification
Intramembranous ossification

A

Extracellular ossification

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10
Q

Which of the following is a flat bone?
Parietal bone
Tibia
Patella
Vertebrae

A

Parietal bone

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11
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

Loss of bone density and strength

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12
Q

What is osteitis?

A

Bone inflammation

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13
Q

What are the functions of bone?

A

Protection
Shape
Movement
Blood production
Mineral storage
Sound/hearing

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14
Q

What are the 2 main types of bone development?

A

Endochondral ossification
Intramembranous ossification

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15
Q

What are the 3 different bone cells?

A

Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts

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16
Q

What bone tissue contains bone marrow?

A

Cancellous/spongy bone

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17
Q

What is the strongest form of bone tissue?

A

Compact bone

18
Q

What is the structural and functional unit of bone that runs parallel to long axis of bone?

A

Osteon or Haversian system

19
Q

What runs longitudinally throughout compact bone and carries blood vessels, lymph and nerves?

A

The Haversian canal

20
Q

What are the main types of bone tissue?

A

Compact bone 80%
Cancellous/spongy bone 20%

21
Q

What are the stages of bone healing?

A
  1. Formation of hematoma
  2. Formation of fibrocartilaginous callus
  3. Formation of bony callus
  4. Bone remodelling
22
Q

What factors can delay bone healing?

A

Infection
Deficient blood supply
Old age
Medication such as steroids
Medical condition
Tissue fragments between bones
Host response

23
Q

What factors can improve healing?

A

Nutrition
Pain relief
Age - younger
Movement and resting as appropriate

24
Q

What are long bones?

A

Have a shaft and 2 ends
E.g femur

25
Q

What are short bones?

A

Cubed shaped
E.g wrist and ankle bones

26
Q

What are flat bones?

A

Thin and curved
E.g. skull bones

27
Q

What are irregular bones?

A

Complex shaped
E.g. vertebrae

28
Q

What are sesamoid bones?

A

Embedded in tendons
E.g. patella

29
Q

What are osteoclasts?

A

Bone resorption cells

30
Q

What’s the function of osteoclasts?

A

Break down old and damaged bone by releasing enzymes and acid. This is to maintain optimum bone shape and aid in remodelling of injured bone by making room for osteoblasts.

31
Q

What many nucleus do osteoblasts have?

A

Single nucleus

32
Q

What’s the structure of osteoclasts?

A

Large and multi nucleated

33
Q

What’s the function of osteoblasts?

A

Secrete osteoid which is mineralised by calcium. Osteoblasts become trapped in lacunae as bone develops

34
Q

Where do osteocytes originate from?

A

Originate from osteoblasts that have become trapped in lacunae

35
Q

What’s the composition of bone?

A

Bones consists of a 40-50% inorganic (calcium, phosphate) and 30-40% organic (collagen) structure along with 20% water.

36
Q

What is endochondral ossification?

A

Cartilage model replaced by bone over time by osteoblasts secreting osteoid.

37
Q

What is Intramembranous ossification?

A

Flat bones develop from fibrous membranes from secreted osteoid from osteoblasts to from trabeculae (network of bony process)

38
Q

What is bone marrow?

A

Site for blood cell production and fat storage

39
Q

What is bone density?

A

Measure of bone strength and mineral content

40
Q

What is the Epiphyseal Plate?

A

Growth plate where bone lengthens during development.

41
Q

What are the lamellae?

A

Concentric rings of bone surrounding Haversian canals.

42
Q

What is lacunae?

A

Spaces between lamellae containing osteocytes.

BMS (16 decks)

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