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BMS > Intro To Immunology > Flashcards

Intro To Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

4 defensive barriers of the innate immune system

A

Anatomic (skin)
Physiologic (temperature, pH, chemical)
Phagocytic/endocytic (immune cells)
Inflammatory (recruitment of leukocytes)

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2
Q

2 lines of immune defense

A

Innate
Adaptive

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3
Q

Immunology

A

The study of how an organisms immune stystems protect them from disease.

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4
Q

Innate immunity

A

No immunological memory
Not antigen dependent
Non specific
Time - immediate/hours

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5
Q

Adaptive immunity

A

Antigen specific/dependent.
Memory capacity.
Time lag - days/weeks

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6
Q

What is the body’s first line of defence against infection and pathogens

A

Innate immune system

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7
Q

Primary organs of immune system

A

Bone marrow
Thymus
(Special immune system cells, Lymphocytes)

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8
Q

Secondary organs of immune system

A

Lymph nodes
Spleen
Tonsils
Various mucous membranes
(Within these organs, cells of immune system fight off foreign substances)

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9
Q

Apoptosis

A

Type of cell death
Programme cell death

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10
Q

Complement system

A

Part of innate immune system response in role of host defense and inflammation.
Eliminate/remove pathogens and damaged cells.

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11
Q

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)

A

Type of white blood cell.
First line of defence in response to tissue injury, infection or inflammation.
Neutrophils, basophils, mast cells.

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12
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Process in which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a large particle.

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13
Q

Phagocyte

A

Type of white blood cell capable of surrounding pathogen and engulfing it.

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14
Q

Microbe

A

Also known as microorganisms, organism of microscopic size, some are pathogenic and others for health.
(Bacteria, virus, fungi, Protozoa)

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15
Q

Antigen

A

Substance that can trigger an immune response in the body
(Bacteria, viruses, chemical, toxins, pollen)

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16
Q

Cytokine

A

Small proteins important for controlling growth and activity of other immune cells.
Speed up or slow down immune system response.
(Interleukins, interferons, monotones)

17
Q

Antibody

A

Also referred to as immunoglobulin (Ig)
Special proteins in produced by activated B cells (white blood cells) to attack or weaken antigens.
Body can create new antibodies in response to pathogens or vaccines.

18
Q

Immunoglobulin A

A

Secretory and serum.
Secretory- found in linings of respiratory tract, digestive system, saliva, tears and break milk. ‘Antiseptic paint’ of mucous membranes.

Serum- cannot activate complement system.

19
Q

Immunoglobulin D

A

Low levels in blood.
Cannot activate complement system.
Support cells; maturation and activation.
Half of antigen specific receptors on B lymphocyte membranes consist of IgD.

20
Q

Immunoglobulin E

A

Found in skin, lungs, mucous membranes; small amounts.
Most attach to mast cells and basophils; release anti histamine.
High levels found in those with allergies.

21
Q

Most common antibody in blood tissue/fluid

A

Immunoglobulin G
75%

22
Q

Immunoglobulin G

A

Most common in blood tissue and fluids.
Protects from diffusing toxins and spreading microbes.
Mainly secondary immune response.

23
Q

Immunoglobulin M

A

Largest of immune molecules.
Found in blood and lymph.
Usually first antibody to respond in primary immune response.
Short lived.

24
Q

Antigen presenting cell

A

Large groups of various cells, process antigens and expose them in recognisable T cell form on surface.

25
Q

What immune cells are types of phagocytes

A

Macrophage and neutrophils

26
Q

What immune cells are part of the adaptive immune system

A

Lymphocytes (T cells and B cells)

27
Q

What cells are part of the innate immune system

A

Macrophage
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Mast cells

28
Q

What cells act as a messenger between innate and adaptive immunity

A

Dendritic cells

29
Q

What immune system cells are granulocytes

A

Eosinophils
Basophils
Mast cells
Neutrophils - also phagocyte

BMS (37 decks)

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