Intro To Immunology Flashcards
4 defensive barriers of the innate immune system
Anatomic (skin)
Physiologic (temperature, pH, chemical)
Phagocytic/endocytic (immune cells)
Inflammatory (recruitment of leukocytes)
2 lines of immune defense
Innate
Adaptive
Immunology
The study of how an organisms immune stystems protect them from disease.
Innate immunity
No immunological memory
Not antigen dependent
Non specific
Time - immediate/hours
Adaptive immunity
Antigen specific/dependent.
Memory capacity.
Time lag - days/weeks
What is the body’s first line of defence against infection and pathogens
Innate immune system
Primary organs of immune system
Bone marrow
Thymus
(Special immune system cells, Lymphocytes)
Secondary organs of immune system
Lymph nodes
Spleen
Tonsils
Various mucous membranes
(Within these organs, cells of immune system fight off foreign substances)
Apoptosis
Type of cell death
Programme cell death
Complement system
Part of innate immune system response in role of host defense and inflammation.
Eliminate/remove pathogens and damaged cells.
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)
Type of white blood cell.
First line of defence in response to tissue injury, infection or inflammation.
Neutrophils, basophils, mast cells.
Phagocytosis
Process in which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a large particle.
Phagocyte
Type of white blood cell capable of surrounding pathogen and engulfing it.
Microbe
Also known as microorganisms, organism of microscopic size, some are pathogenic and others for health.
(Bacteria, virus, fungi, Protozoa)
Antigen
Substance that can trigger an immune response in the body
(Bacteria, viruses, chemical, toxins, pollen)
Cytokine
Small proteins important for controlling growth and activity of other immune cells.
Speed up or slow down immune system response.
(Interleukins, interferons, monotones)
Antibody
Also referred to as immunoglobulin (Ig)
Special proteins in produced by activated B cells (white blood cells) to attack or weaken antigens.
Body can create new antibodies in response to pathogens or vaccines.
Immunoglobulin A
Secretory and serum.
Secretory- found in linings of respiratory tract, digestive system, saliva, tears and break milk. ‘Antiseptic paint’ of mucous membranes.
Serum- cannot activate complement system.
Immunoglobulin D
Low levels in blood.
Cannot activate complement system.
Support cells; maturation and activation.
Half of antigen specific receptors on B lymphocyte membranes consist of IgD.
Immunoglobulin E
Found in skin, lungs, mucous membranes; small amounts.
Most attach to mast cells and basophils; release anti histamine.
High levels found in those with allergies.
Most common antibody in blood tissue/fluid
Immunoglobulin G
75%
Immunoglobulin G
Most common in blood tissue and fluids.
Protects from diffusing toxins and spreading microbes.
Mainly secondary immune response.
Immunoglobulin M
Largest of immune molecules.
Found in blood and lymph.
Usually first antibody to respond in primary immune response.
Short lived.
Antigen presenting cell
Large groups of various cells, process antigens and expose them in recognisable T cell form on surface.
What immune cells are types of phagocytes
Macrophage and neutrophils
What immune cells are part of the adaptive immune system
Lymphocytes (T cells and B cells)
What cells are part of the innate immune system
Macrophage
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Mast cells
What cells act as a messenger between innate and adaptive immunity
Dendritic cells
What immune system cells are granulocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils
Mast cells
Neutrophils - also phagocyte
