Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of body weight does muscle account for?

A

40%

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2
Q

What is a myofibril?

A

The contractile threads (basic rod-like organelle) of a muscle that extend from one end of muscle fibre to the other.

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3
Q

What is a sarcomere?

A

The basic structural unit of a muscle, consisting of a dark and light bands and long fibrous proteins that slide past each other.

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4
Q

What is the Hydrolysis Process?

A

Food eaten is synthesized into glucose, which mitochondria then convert to ATP.

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5
Q

Interactions between actin and myosin filaments in sarcomeres are responsible for

A

Muscle contraction

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6
Q

What is the strength of muscle contraction related too?

A

To the amount of muscle fibers activated.

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7
Q

What is a twitch?

A

Sudden rapid stimulation of many fibers

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8
Q

What is the primary role of muscle tissue/fibre?

A

Contraction

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9
Q

What process is used to convert food molecules into ATP?

A

Hydrolysis process

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10
Q

Without ____ , cells wouldn’t have the fuel or power to perform necessary functions

A

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

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11
Q

What 2 factors result in muscle fatigue?

A

Lack of nutrients and oxygen
Build up of product waste (lactic acid)

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12
Q

In health what is the normal temperature range?

A

35.8-36.9 centigrade

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13
Q

How many times can a muscle be stretched before rupturing?

A

3 times the contracted length

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14
Q

Muscle Extensibility definition

A

The ability for a muscle to be stretched

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15
Q

Muscle Excitability definition

A

The ability to respond to a stimulus from motor neurone or hormone

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16
Q

Muscle contractility definition

A

Ability of a muscle to forcefully shorten

17
Q

Muscle elasticity definition

A

The ability for the muscle to recoil or bounce back to its original length after being stretched

18
Q

Opposite partners to prime movers

A

Antagonist

19
Q

The state of sustained partial contraction of a muscle

A

Muscle tone

20
Q

Properties of muscle tissue

A

Contractility
Excitability
Extensibility
Elasticity

21
Q

Location of skeletal muscle

A

Attached to the bone/skeleton by tendons and skin

22
Q

Functions of skeletal muscle

A

Voluntary movements such as; locomotion, facial expressions and other body movements

23
Q

Skeletal muscle structure

A

Numerous nucleus placed peripheral.

Striations present.

Very long cylindrical cell shape.

Non branched.

Has blood vessels and nerves associated with it.

24
Q

Location of cardiac muscle

A

Only found in the wall of the heart (myocardium)

25
Function of the cardiac muscle
Involuntary; pumps blood and exhibits rhythmic contractions
26
Structure of the cardiac muscle
Cylindrical and branched. Single, centrally located nucleus. Intercalated discs. Striations present but not clear.
27
Location of smooth muscle
Viscera Walls of hollow organs, blood and lymphatic vessels, eyes, glands and skin
28
Function of smooth muscle
Involuntary used for; Opening and closing airways Digestion Urination
29
Structure of smooth muscle
One centrally placed nucleus. Fusiform; Long and narrow spindle shaped. Non-branched and no striations.
30
What can alter the rate of muscle contractions under the autonomic nervous system?
Nerve impulses Hormones Chemicals
31
What are the 3 main muscle groups?
Striated/Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle Smooth/Visceral muscle