Viral infections of CNS Flashcards
What type of genetic material is in PIcornavirdiae
single stranded naked RNA
positive polarity
Which Picornaviridae viruses are acid stable? which one is not acid stable
enteroviruses
rhinoviruses are not acid stable
Besides having CNS problems, what other problems occur from enteroviruses
respiratory
intestinal
carditis
what is the reservoir for Poliovirus
only man
what is the primary route for poliovirus
alimentary tract –> lymphoid Peyer’s patch –> blood virermia–> CNS
what is the minor route for poliovirus
after a tonsillectomy ( exposed nerve endings )
what part of the CNS does poliovirus impact
cerebellar
vestibular nuclei
anterior horn of spinal cord
vast majority of inapparent polio infections occurs in who
young individuals 90%
what are symptoms for abortive poliomyelitis
fever, malaise, headache, vomiting, sore throat
symptoms for non-paralytic polio CNS disease ( aseptic meningitis) ? how does it enter CNS
stiffness and pain in neck and back; crosses fenestrated endothelial cells at choroid plexus
who is most likely to get paralytic polio
teenagers and young adults
what happens in paralytic polio
spinal, bulbar - flaccid paralysis- changes in voluntary muscles
what is the spectrum for levels of flaccid paralysis
- asymmetric paralysis with no sensory loss
- localized flaccid paralysis
- multiples sites ( arms and legs affected)
what are some factors that potentially impact polio
viral serotype
quantity
tissue specificity
what is the range of recovery following flaccid paralysis
- full recovery
- residual paralysis
- death ( bulbar poliomyelitis)
what is the age factor for polio
earlier exposure less paralysis
early exposure to poliovirus in developing countries and low socioeconomic conditions yields what type of polio virus
inapparent or abortive infections
what are the two types of vaccine for polio
Salk ( killed)
Sabin ( live attenuated)
which vaccine should a doctor pay more attention to due to issues that may arise for polio
Sabin (live attenuated)
“vaccine-associated” paralysis
what are the 3 remaining major reservoirs of natural polio
- Pakistan/Afghanistan
- northern india
- nigeria
what is National Immunization Day
susceptible children in whole country will be vaccinated by door to door canvassing
what was the scare for vaccine recommendations
- live vaccine would mutate to neurovirulence
- excrete into environment
- cause paralytic disease
what type of virus is recommended in the US
inactivated polio virus
Salk Killed
after Jan-Dec 2010 IPV ( inactivated polio virus) should be administered to who and how
for all children via a 4 shot series
who does not get oral Sabin vaccine
immunocomprosed
what is the intestinal immunity for Sabin and Salk
Sabin IgA and IgG
Salk only IgG
what is the composition of Sabin and Salk
trivalent
what is the inhibition of efficacy of the Sabin vaccine
interference by other enteroviruses inhibitors is gut of children
what is the CSF fluid content for polio virus
increased leukocytes
lacks neutrophils
increased protein
glucose normal
how do you test for the type of polio
serology testing
antibody and antigen test
immunofluoresence
ELISA
what test is used for routine testing of a number of different enterovirurses
Reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR
how does a doctor isolate the polio virus
rectal or pharyngeal swabs found in throat and stools before clinical illness
what is a clinical difference between Coxsackievirus group A and HSV gingivostomatitis
group A: vesicular pharyngitis, posterior throat enanthem
HSV: lesions throughout oral cavity
what are clinical symptoms for Coxackievirus group A
aseptic meningitis: stiff neck/back
petechiae/ rash
what is the recovery for aseptic meningitis from group A
uneventful
what is the leading infecious cause of aspectic meningitis in US
non-polio entervirus
what disease is associated with Group A
hand, foot, mouth disease
the “new” enterovirus type 71 has what clinical symptoms
paralytic disease, ecephalitis
who usually gets group B coxvirus and major clinical symptoms
aseptic meningitis
neonatal disease
echoviruses occurs during what time of the yar and clinical appearnce
summer aseptic meningitis
what type of echoviruses is found in the CSF
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